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FreeBSD/Linux/UNIX General Commands Manual
Hypertext Man Pages
smtp
 
SMTP(8) 							       SMTP(8)



NAME
       smtp - Postfix SMTP client

SYNOPSIS
       smtp [generic Postfix daemon options]

DESCRIPTION
       The  Postfix  SMTP  client processes message delivery requests from the
       queue manager. Each request specifies a queue file, a sender address, a
       domain  or host to deliver to, and recipient information.  This program
       expects to be run from the master(8) process manager.

       The SMTP client updates the queue file and  marks  recipients  as  fin-
       ished,  or  it  informs the queue manager that delivery should be tried
       again at a  later  time.  Delivery  status  reports  are  sent  to  the
       bounce(8), defer(8) or trace(8) daemon as appropriate.

       The  SMTP  client  looks  up a list of mail exchanger addresses for the
       destination host, sorts the list by preference, and  connects  to  each
       listed address until it finds a server that responds.

       When  a	server	is not reachable, or when mail delivery fails due to a
       recoverable error condition, the SMTP client will try  to  deliver  the
       mail to an alternate host.

       After  a  successful mail transaction, a connection may be saved to the
       scache(8) connection cache server, so that it may be used by  any  SMTP
       client for a subsequent transaction.

       By  default, connection caching is enabled temporarily for destinations
       that have a high volume of mail in the active  queue.  Session  caching
       can be enabled permanently for specific destinations.

SECURITY
       The  SMTP  client  is  moderately  security-sensitive. It talks to SMTP
       servers and to DNS servers on the network. The SMTP client can  be  run
       chrooted at fixed low privilege.

STANDARDS
       RFC 821 (SMTP protocol)
       RFC 822 (ARPA Internet Text Messages)
       RFC 1651 (SMTP service extensions)
       RFC 1652 (8bit-MIME transport)
       RFC 1870 (Message Size Declaration)
       RFC 2045 (MIME: Format of Internet Message Bodies)
       RFC 2046 (MIME: Media Types)
       RFC 2554 (AUTH command)
       RFC 2821 (SMTP protocol)
       RFC 2920 (SMTP Pipelining)
       RFC 3207 (STARTTLS command)

DIAGNOSTICS
       Problems  and transactions are logged to syslogd(8).  Corrupted message
       files are marked so that the queue manager can move them to the corrupt
       queue for further inspection.

       Depending  on the setting of the notify_classes parameter, the postmas-
       ter is notified of bounces, protocol problems, and of other trouble.

BUGS
       SMTP connection caching does not work with TLS. The  necessary  support
       for  TLS  object  passivation  and re-activation does not exist without
       closing the session, which defeats the purpose.

       SMTP connection caching assumes that SASL credentials are valid for all
       destinations that map onto the same IP address and TCP port.

CONFIGURATION PARAMETERS
       Changes	to  main.cf  are picked up automatically, as smtp(8) processes
       run for only a limited amount of time. Use the command "postfix reload"
       to speed up a change.

       The  text  below provides only a parameter summary. See postconf(5) for
       more details including examples.

COMPATIBILITY CONTROLS
       ignore_mx_lookup_error (no)
	      Ignore DNS MX lookups that produce no response.

       smtp_always_send_ehlo (yes)
	      Always send EHLO at the start of an SMTP session.

       smtp_never_send_ehlo (no)
	      Never send EHLO at the start of an SMTP session.

       smtp_cname_overrides_servername (yes)
	      Allow DNS CNAME records to  override  the  servername  that  the
	      Postfix  SMTP client uses for logging, SASL password lookup, TLS
	      policy decisions, or TLS certificate verification.

       smtp_defer_if_no_mx_address_found (no)
	      Defer mail delivery when no MX record resolves to an IP address.

       smtp_line_length_limit (990)
	      The maximal length of message header and body lines that Postfix
	      will send via SMTP.

       smtp_pix_workaround_delay_time (10s)
	      How  long  the  Postfix  SMTP  client  pauses   before   sending
	      "."   in	 order	 to   work  around  the  PIX  firewall
	      "." bug.

       smtp_pix_workaround_threshold_time (500s)
	      How long a message  must	be  queued  before  the  PIX  firewall
	      "." bug workaround is turned on.

       smtp_quote_rfc821_envelope (yes)
	      Quote  addresses	in  SMTP  MAIL	FROM  and  RCPT TO commands as
	      required by RFC 821.

       smtp_skip_5xx_greeting (yes)
	      Skip SMTP servers that greet with a 5XX status code (go away, do
	      not try again later).

       smtp_skip_quit_response (yes)
	      Do not wait for the response to the SMTP QUIT command.

       Available in Postfix version 2.0 and earlier:

       smtp_skip_4xx_greeting (yes)
	      Skip  SMTP  servers  that greet with a 4XX status code (go away,
	      try again later).

       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

       smtp_discard_ehlo_keyword_address_maps (empty)
	      Lookup tables, indexed by the remote SMTP server	address,  with
	      case  insensitive  lists of EHLO keywords (pipelining, starttls,
	      auth, etc.) that	the  SMTP  client  will  ignore  in  the  EHLO
	      response from a remote SMTP server.

       smtp_discard_ehlo_keywords (empty)
	      A  case insensitive list of EHLO keywords (pipelining, starttls,
	      auth, etc.) that	the  SMTP  client  will  ignore  in  the  EHLO
	      response from a remote SMTP server.

       smtp_generic_maps (empty)
	      Optional	lookup	tables	that  perform address rewriting in the
	      SMTP client, typically to transform a locally valid address into
	      a  globally valid address when sending mail across the Internet.

MIME PROCESSING CONTROLS
       Available in Postfix version 2.0 and later:

       disable_mime_output_conversion (no)
	      Disable the conversion of 8BITMIME format to 7BIT format.

       mime_boundary_length_limit (2048)
	      The maximal length of MIME multipart boundary strings.

       mime_nesting_limit (100)
	      The maximal recursion level that the MIME processor will handle.

EXTERNAL CONTENT INSPECTION CONTROLS
       Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:

       smtp_send_xforward_command (no)
	      Send  the  non-standard  XFORWARD  command when the Postfix SMTP
	      server EHLO response announces XFORWARD support.

SASL AUTHENTICATION CONTROLS
       smtp_sasl_auth_enable (no)
	      Enable SASL authentication in the Postfix SMTP client.

       smtp_sasl_password_maps (empty)
	      Optional SMTP client lookup tables  with	one  username:password
	      entry per remote hostname or domain.

       smtp_sasl_security_options (noplaintext, noanonymous)
	      What  authentication  mechanisms	the  Postfix  SMTP  client  is
	      allowed to use.

       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

       smtp_sasl_mechanism_filter (empty)
	      If non-empty, a Postfix SMTP client filter for the  remote  SMTP
	      server's list of offered SASL mechanisms.

STARTTLS SUPPORT CONTROLS
       Detailed  information  about STARTTLS configuration may be found in the
       TLS_README document.

       smtp_use_tls (no)
	      Opportunistic mode: use TLS when a remote SMTP server  announces
	      STARTTLS support, otherwise send the mail in the clear.

       smtp_enforce_tls (no)
	      Enforcement  mode:  require  that  remote  SMTP  servers use TLS
	      encryption, and never send mail in the clear.

       smtp_sasl_tls_security_options ($smtp_sasl_security_options)
	      The SASL authentication security options that the  Postfix  SMTP
	      client uses for TLS encrypted SMTP sessions.

       smtp_starttls_timeout (300s)
	      Time  limit  for	Postfix  SMTP client write and read operations
	      during TLS startup and shutdown handshake procedures.

       smtp_tls_CAfile (empty)
	      The file with the certificate  of  the  certification  authority
	      (CA) that issued the Postfix SMTP client certificate.

       smtp_tls_CApath (empty)
	      Directory  with  PEM  format  certificate authority certificates
	      that the Postfix SMTP client uses to verify a remote SMTP server
	      certificate.

       smtp_tls_cert_file (empty)
	      File with the Postfix SMTP client RSA certificate in PEM format.

       smtp_tls_cipherlist (empty)
	      Controls the Postfix SMTP client TLS cipher selection scheme.

       smtp_tls_dcert_file (empty)
	      File with the Postfix SMTP client DSA certificate in PEM format.

       smtp_tls_dkey_file ($smtp_tls_dcert_file)
	      File with the Postfix SMTP client DSA private key in PEM format.

       smtp_tls_enforce_peername (yes)
	      When TLS encryption is enforced, require that  the  remote  SMTP
	      server  hostname	matches  the  information  in  the remote SMTP
	      server certificate.

       smtp_tls_key_file ($smtp_tls_cert_file)
	      File with the Postfix SMTP client RSA private key in PEM format.

       smtp_tls_loglevel (0)
	      Enable additional Postfix SMTP client logging of TLS activity.

       smtp_tls_note_starttls_offer (no)
	      Log  the	hostname of a remote SMTP server that offers STARTTLS,
	      when TLS is not already enabled for that server.

       smtp_tls_per_site (empty)
	      Optional lookup tables with the Postfix SMTP  client  TLS  usage
	      policy  by  next-hop domain name and by remote SMTP server host-
	      name.

       smtp_tls_scert_verifydepth (5)
	      The verification depth for remote SMTP server certificates.

       smtp_tls_session_cache_database (empty)
	      Name of the file containing the optional Postfix SMTP client TLS
	      session cache.

       smtp_tls_session_cache_timeout (3600s)
	      The  expiration  time  of  Postfix SMTP client TLS session cache
	      information.

       tls_daemon_random_bytes (32)
	      The number of pseudo-random bytes that an  smtp(8)  or  smtpd(8)
	      process  requests from the tlsmgr(8) server in order to seed its
	      internal pseudo random number generator (PRNG).

RESOURCE AND RATE CONTROLS
       smtp_destination_concurrency_limit	 ($default_destination_concur-
       rency_limit)
	      The maximal number of parallel deliveries to the	same  destina-
	      tion via the smtp message delivery transport.

       smtp_destination_recipient_limit ($default_destination_recipient_limit)
	      The  maximal number of recipients per delivery via the smtp mes-
	      sage delivery transport.

       smtp_connect_timeout (30s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for completing a TCP  connection,  or
	      zero (use the operating system built-in time limit).

       smtp_helo_timeout (300s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the HELO or EHLO command,
	      and for receiving the initial server response.

       smtp_xforward_timeout (300s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the XFORWARD command, and
	      for receiving the server response.

       smtp_mail_timeout (300s)
	      The  SMTP  client  time limit for sending the MAIL FROM command,
	      and for receiving the server response.

       smtp_rcpt_timeout (300s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the SMTP RCPT TO command,
	      and for receiving the server response.

       smtp_data_init_timeout (120s)
	      The  SMTP  client  time limit for sending the SMTP DATA command,
	      and for receiving the server response.

       smtp_data_xfer_timeout (180s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the SMTP message content.

       smtp_data_done_timeout (600s)
	      The  SMTP  client  time  limit for sending the SMTP ".", and for
	      receiving the server response.

       smtp_quit_timeout (300s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the QUIT command, and for
	      receiving the server response.

       Available in Postfix version 2.1 and later:

       smtp_mx_address_limit (0)
	      The  maximal number of MX (mail exchanger) IP addresses that can
	      result from mail exchanger lookups, or zero (no limit).

       smtp_mx_session_limit (2)
	      The maximal number of SMTP sessions per delivery request	before
	      giving  up  or delivering to a fall-back relay host, or zero (no
	      limit).

       smtp_rset_timeout (20s)
	      The SMTP client time limit for sending the RSET command, and for
	      receiving the server response.

       Available in Postfix version 2.2 and later:

       smtp_connection_cache_destinations (empty)
	      Permanently  enable  SMTP  connection  caching for the specified
	      destinations.

       smtp_connection_cache_on_demand (yes)
	      Temporarily enable SMTP connection caching while	a  destination
	      has a high volume of mail in the active queue.

       smtp_connection_cache_reuse_limit (10)
	      When  SMTP  connection  caching  is enabled, the number of times
	      that an SMTP session is reused before it is closed.

       smtp_connection_cache_time_limit (2s)
	      When SMTP connection caching is enabled, the amount of time that
	      an unused SMTP client socket is kept open before it is closed.

TROUBLE SHOOTING CONTROLS
       debug_peer_level (2)
	      The  increment  in verbose logging level when a remote client or
	      server matches a pattern in the debug_peer_list parameter.

       debug_peer_list (empty)
	      Optional list of remote client or  server  hostname  or  network
	      address  patterns  that  cause  the  verbose  logging  level  to
	      increase by the amount specified in $debug_peer_level.

       error_notice_recipient (postmaster)
	      The recipient of postmaster notifications  about	mail  delivery
	      problems that are caused by policy, resource, software or proto-
	      col errors.

       notify_classes (resource, software)
	      The list of error classes that are reported to the postmaster.

MISCELLANEOUS CONTROLS
       best_mx_transport (empty)
	      Where the Postfix  SMTP  client  should  deliver	mail  when  it
	      detects a "mail loops back to myself" error condition.

       config_directory (see 'postconf -d' output)
	      The  default  location of the Postfix main.cf and master.cf con-
	      figuration files.

       daemon_timeout (18000s)
	      How much time a Postfix daemon process  may  take  to  handle  a
	      request before it is terminated by a built-in watchdog timer.

       disable_dns_lookups (no)
	      Disable DNS lookups in the Postfix SMTP and LMTP clients.

       fallback_relay (empty)
	      Optional list of relay hosts for SMTP destinations that can't be
	      found or that are unreachable.

       inet_interfaces (all)
	      The network interface addresses that this mail  system  receives
	      mail on.

       inet_protocols (ipv4)
	      The  Internet  protocols Postfix will attempt to use when making
	      or accepting connections.

       ipc_timeout (3600s)
	      The time limit for sending  or  receiving  information  over  an
	      internal communication channel.

       max_idle (100s)
	      The  maximum  amount of time that an idle Postfix daemon process
	      waits for the next service request before exiting.

       max_use (100)
	      The maximal number of connection requests before a Postfix  dae-
	      mon process terminates.

       process_id (read-only)
	      The process ID of a Postfix command or daemon process.

       process_name (read-only)
	      The process name of a Postfix command or daemon process.

       proxy_interfaces (empty)
	      The  network  interface addresses that this mail system receives
	      mail on by way of a proxy or network address translation unit.

       smtp_bind_address (empty)
	      An optional numerical  network  address  that  the  SMTP	client
	      should bind to when making an IPv4 connection.

       smtp_bind_address6 (empty)
	      An  optional  numerical  network	address  that  the SMTP client
	      should bind to when making an IPv6 connection.

       smtp_helo_name ($myhostname)
	      The hostname to send in the SMTP EHLO or HELO command.

       smtp_host_lookup (dns)
	      What mechanisms when the SMTP client uses to look up a host's IP
	      address.

       smtp_randomize_addresses (yes)
	      Randomize the order of equal-preference MX host addresses.

       syslog_facility (mail)
	      The syslog facility of Postfix logging.

       syslog_name (postfix)
	      The  mail  system  name that is prepended to the process name in
	      syslog records, so that "smtpd"  becomes,  for  example,	"post-
	      fix/smtpd".

SEE ALSO
       qmgr(8), queue manager
       bounce(8), delivery status reports
       scache(8), connection cache server
       postconf(5), configuration parameters
       master(5), generic daemon options
       master(8), process manager
       tlsmgr(8), TLS session and PRNG management
       syslogd(8), system logging

README FILES
       Use  "postconf readme_directory" or "postconf html_directory" to locate
       this information.
       SASL_README, Postfix SASL howto
       TLS_README, Postfix STARTTLS howto

LICENSE
       The Secure Mailer license must be distributed with this software.

AUTHOR(S)
       Wietse Venema
       IBM T.J. Watson Research
       P.O. Box 704
       Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA

       Command pipelining in cooperation with:
       Jon Ribbens
       Oaktree Internet Solutions Ltd.,
       Internet House,
       Canal Basin,
       Coventry,
       CV1 4LY, United Kingdom.

       Connection caching in cooperation with:
       Victor Duchovni
       Morgan Stanley

       TLS support originally by:
       Lutz Jaenicke
       BTU Cottbus
       Allgemeine Elektrotechnik
       Universitaetsplatz 3-4
       D-03044 Cottbus, Germany



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