a2p
accept
access
acct
addftinfo
addr2line
adjtime
afmtodit
after
aio_cancel
aio_error
aio_read
aio_return
aio_suspend
aio_waitcomplete
aio_write
alias
aliases
alloc
anvil
append
apply
apropos
ar
array
as
asa
asn1parse
at
atq
atrm
attemptckalloc
attemptckrealloc
authlib
authtest
autopoint
awk
b64decode
b64encode
basename
batch
bc
bdes
bell
bg
bgerror
biff
big5
binary
bind
bindkey
bindtags
bindtextdomain
bio
bitmap
blowfish
bn
bootparams
bootptab
bounce
brandelf
break
breaksw
brk
bsdiff
bsdtar
bsnmpd
bspatch
bthost
btsockstat
buffer
builtin
builtins
bunzip2
button
byacc
bzcat
bzegrep
bzfgrep
bzgrep
bzip2
c2ph
c89
c99
ca
cal
calendar
canvas
cap_mkdb
case
cat
catch
catman
cc
cd
cdcontrol
chdir
checkbutton
checknr
chflags
chfn
chgrp
chio
chkey
chmod
chown
chpass
chroot
chsh
ci
ciphers
ckalloc
ckdist
ckfree
ckrealloc
cksum
cleanup
clear
clipboard
clock
clock_getres
clock_gettime
clock_settime
close
cmp
co
col
colcrt
colldef
colors
colrm
column
comm
command
compile_et
complete
compress
concat
config
connect
console
continue
core
courierlogger
couriertcpd
cp
cpan
cpio
cpp
creat
crl
crontab
crunchgen
crunchide
crypt
crypto
csh
csplit
ctags
ctm
ctm_dequeue
ctm_rmail
ctm_smail
cu
cursor
cursors
cut
cvs
date
dbiprof
dbiproxy
dc
dcgettext
dcngettext
dd
dde
default
defer
deliverquota
des
destroy
devfs
df
dgettext
dgst
dh
dhparam
dialog
diff
diff3
dig
dir
dirent
dirname
dirs
discard
disktab
dngettext
do
domainname
done
dprofpp
dsa
dsaparam
dtmfdecode
du
dup
dup2
eaccess
ec
ecdsa
echo
echotc
ecparam
ed
edit
editrc
ee
egrep
elf
elfdump
elif
else
enc
enc2xs
encoding
end
endif
endsw
engine
enigma
entry
env
envsubst
eof
eqn
err
errno
error
errstr
esac
ethers
euc
eui64
eval
event
evp
ex
exec
execve
exit
expand
export
exports
expr
extattr
extattr_delete_fd
extattr_delete_file
extattr_get_fd
extattr_get_file
extattr_set_fd
extattr_set_file
f77
false
famm
famx
fblocked
fbtab
fc
fchdir
fchflags
fchmod
fchown
fcntl
fconfigure
fcopy
fdescfs
fdformat
fdread
fdwrite
fetch
fg
fgrep
fhopen
fhstat
fhstatfs
fi
file
file2c
fileevent
filename
filetest
find
find2perl
finger
flex
flock
flush
fmt
focus
fold
font
fontedit
for
foreach
fork
format
forward
fpathconf
frame
from
fs
fstab
fstat
fstatfs
fsync
ftp
ftpchroot
ftpusers
ftruncate
futimes
g711conv
gb2312
gb18030
gbk
gcc
gcore
gcov
gdb
gencat
gendsa
genrsa
gensnmptree
getconf
getdents
getdirentries
getdtablesize
getegid
geteuid
getfacl
getfh
getfsstat
getgid
getgroups
getitimer
getlogin
getopt
getopts
getpeername
getpgid
getpgrp
getpid
getppid
getpriority
getresgid
getresuid
getrlimit
getrusage
gets
getsid
getsockname
getsockopt
gettext
gettextize
gettimeofday
gettytab
getuid
glob
global
gmake
goto
gperf
gprof
grab
grep
grid
grn
grodvi
groff
groff_font
groff_out
groff_tmac
grog
grolbp
grolj4
grops
grotty
group
groups
gunzip
gzcat
gzexe
gzip
h2ph
h2xs
hash
hashstat
hd
head
help2man
hesinfo
hexdump
history
host
hostname
hosts
hosts_access
hosts_options
hpftodit
http
hup
i386_get_ioperm
i386_get_ldt
i386_set_ioperm
i386_set_ldt
i386_vm86
iconv
id
ident
idprio
if
ifnames253
ifnames259
image
imapd
incr
indent
indxbib
info
infokey
inode
install
instmodsh
interp
intro
introduction
ioctl
ipcrm
ipcs
ipf
ipftest
ipnat
ippool
ipresend
issetugid
jail
jail_attach
jobid
jobs
join
jot
kbdcontrol
kbdmap
kcon
kdestroy
kdump
kenv
kevent
keycap
keylogin
keylogout
keymap
keysyms
kgdb
kill
killall
killpg
kinit
kldfind
kldfirstmod
kldload
kldnext
kldstat
kldsym
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klist
kpasswd
kqueue
kse
kse_create
kse_exit
kse_release
kse_switchin
kse_thr_interrupt
kse_wakeup
ktrace
label
labelframe
lam
lappend
last
lastcomm
lastlog
lchflags
lchmod
lchown
ld
ldap
ldapadd
ldapcompare
ldapdelete
ldapmodify
ldapmodrdn
ldappasswd
ldapsearch
ldapwhoami
ldd
leave
less
lesskey
lex
lgetfh
lhash
libnetcfg
library
limit
limits
lindex
link
linprocfs
linsert
lint
lio_listio
list
listbox
listen
lj4_font
lkbib
llength
lmtp
ln
load
loadfont
local
locale
locate
lock
lockf
log
logger
login
logins
logname
logout
look
lookbib
lorder
lower
lp
lpq
lpr
lprm
lptest
lrange
lreplace
ls
lsearch
lseek
lset
lsort
lstat
lsvfs
lutimes
lynx
m4
madvise
magic
mail
maildiracl
maildirkw
maildirmake
mailq
mailx
make
makeinfo
makewhatis
man
manpath
master
mc
mcedit
mcview
md2
md4
md5
mdc2
memory
menu
menubar
menubutton
merge
mesg
message
mincore
minherit
minigzip
mkdep
mkdir
mkfifo
mkimapdcert
mklocale
mknod
mkpop3dcert
mkstr
mktemp
mlock
mlockall
mmap
mmroff
modfind
modfnext
modnext
modstat
moduli
more
motd
mount
mprotect
mptable
msdos
msdosfs
msgattrib
msgcat
msgcmp
msgcomm
msgconv
msgen
msgexec
msgfilter
msgfmt
msggrep
msginit
msgmerge
msgs
msgunfmt
msguniq
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mt
munlock
munlockall
munmap
mv
myisamchk
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mysql_config
mysql_fix_privilege_tables
mysql_zap
namespace
nanosleep
nawk
nc
ncal
ncplist
ncplogin
ncplogout
neqn
netconfig
netgroup
netid
netstat
networks
newaliases
newgrp
nex
nfsstat
nfssvc
ngettext
nice
nl
nm
nmount
nohup
nologin
notify
nroff
nseq
nslookup
ntp_adjtime
ntp_gettime
nvi
nview
objcopy
objdump
objformat
ocsp
od
onintr
open
openssl
opieaccess
opieinfo
opiekey
opiekeys
opiepasswd
option
options
oqmgr
pack
package
packagens
pagesize
palette
pam_auth
panedwindow
parray
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
pathconf
pawd
pax
pbm
pcre
pcreapi
pcrebuild
pcrecallout
pcrecompat
pcrecpp
pcregrep
pcrematching
pcrepartial
pcrepattern
pcreperform
pcreposix
pcreprecompile
pcresample
pcretest
perl
perl56delta
perl58delta
perl561delta
perl570delta
perl571delta
perl572delta
perl573delta
perl581delta
perl582delta
perl583delta
perl584delta
perl585delta
perl586delta
perl587delta
perl588delta
perl5004delta
perl5005delta
perlaix
perlamiga
perlapi
perlapio
perlapollo
perlartistic
perlbeos
perlbook
perlboot
perlbot
perlbs2000
perlbug
perlcall
perlcc
perlce
perlcheat
perlclib
perlcn
perlcompile
perlcygwin
perldata
perldbmfilter
perldebguts
perldebtut
perldebug
perldelta
perldgux
perldiag
perldoc
perldos
perldsc
perlebcdic
perlembed
perlepoc
perlfaq
perlfaq1
perlfaq2
perlfaq3
perlfaq4
perlfaq5
perlfaq6
perlfaq7
perlfaq8
perlfaq9
perlfilter
perlfork
perlform
perlfreebsd
perlfunc
perlglossary
perlgpl
perlguts
perlhack
perlhist
perlhpux
perlhurd
perlintern
perlintro
perliol
perlipc
perlirix
perlivp
perljp
perlko
perllexwarn
perllinux
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perllol
perlmachten
perlmacos
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perlmint
perlmod
perlmodinstall
perlmodlib
perlmodstyle
perlmpeix
perlnetware
perlnewmod
perlnumber
perlobj
perlop
perlopenbsd
perlopentut
perlos2
perlos390
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perlothrtut
perlpacktut
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perlpod
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perlport
perlqnx
perlre
perlref
perlreftut
perlrequick
perlreref
perlretut
perlrun
perlsec
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perlsub
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perltie
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perltooc
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perltru64
perltw
perlunicode
perluniintro
perlutil
perluts
perlvar
perlvmesa
perlvms
perlvos
perlwin32
perlxs
perlxstut
perror
pfbtops
pftp
pgrep
phones
photo
pic
pickup
piconv
pid
pipe
pkcs7
pkcs8
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pkg_add
pkg_check
pkg_create
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pkg_info
pkg_sign
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pkill
pl2pm
place
pod2html
pod2latex
pod2man
pod2text
pod2usage
podchecker
podselect
poll
popd
popup
posix_madvise
postalias
postcat
postconf
postdrop
postfix
postkick
postlock
postlog
postmap
postqueue
postsuper
pr
pread
preadv
printcap
printenv
printf
proc
procfs
profil
protocols
prove
proxymap
ps
psed
psroff
pstruct
ptrace
publickey
pushd
puts
pwd
pwrite
pwritev
qmgr
qmqpd
quota
quotactl
radiobutton
raise
rand
ranlib
rcp
rcs
rcsclean
rcsdiff
rcsfile
rcsfreeze
rcsintro
rcsmerge
read
readelf
readlink
readonly
readv
realpath
reboot
recv
recvfrom
recvmsg
red
ree
refer
regexp
registry
regsub
rehash
remote
rename
repeat
replace
req
reset
resolver
resource
return
rev
revoke
rfcomm_sppd
rfork
rhosts
ripemd
ripemd160
rlog
rlogin
rm
rmd160
rmdir
rpc
rpcgen
rs
rsa
rsautl
rsh
rtld
rtprio
rup
ruptime
rusers
rwall
rwho
s2p
safe
sasl
sasldblistusers2
saslpasswd2
sbrk
scache
scale
scan
sched
sched_getparam
sched_getscheduler
sched_get_priority_max
sched_get_priority_min
sched_rr_get_interval
sched_setparam
sched_setscheduler
sched_yield
scon
scp
script
scrollbar
sdiff
sed
seek
select
selection
semctl
semget
semop
send
sendbug
sendfile
sendmail
sendmsg
sendto
services
sess_id
set
setegid
setenv
seteuid
setfacl
setgid
setgroups
setitimer
setlogin
setpgid
setpgrp
setpriority
setregid
setresgid
setresuid
setreuid
setrlimit
setsid
setsockopt
settc
settimeofday
setty
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setvar
sftp
sh
sha
sha1
sha256
shar
shells
shift
shmat
shmctl
shmdt
shmget
showq
shutdown
sigaction
sigaltstack
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sigprocmask
sigreturn
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sigstack
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sigvec
sigwait
size
slapadd
slapcat
slapd
slapdn
slapindex
slappasswd
slaptest
sleep
slogin
slurpd
smbutil
smime
smtp
smtpd
socket
socketpair
sockstat
soelim
sort
source
spawn
speed
spinbox
spkac
splain
split
squid
squid_ldap_auth
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squid_unix_group
sscop
ssh
sshd_config
ssh_config
stab
startslip
stat
statfs
stop
string
strings
strip
stty
su
subst
sum
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switch
symlink
sync
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syscall
sysconftool
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s_client
s_server
s_time
tabs
tail
talk
tar
tbl
tclsh
tcltest
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tcopy
tcpdump
tcpslice
tcsh
tee
tell
telltc
telnet
term
termcap
terminfo
test
texindex
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text
textdomain
tfmtodit
tftp
then
threads
time
tip
tk
tkerror
tkvars
tkwait
tlsmgr
tmac
top
toplevel
touch
tput
tr
trace
trafshow
trap
troff
true
truncate
truss
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tsort
tty
ttys
type
tzfile
ui
ul
ulimit
umask
unalias
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uncompress
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unhash
unifdef
unifdefall
uniq
units
unknown
unlimit
unlink
unmount
unset
unsetenv
until
unvis
update
uplevel
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upvar
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users
utf8
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uuidgen
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verify
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vi
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view
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vis
vt220keys
vwait
w
wait
wait3
wait4
waitpid
wall
wc
wget
what
whatis
where
whereis
which
while
who
whoami
whois
window
winfo
wish
wm
write
writev
wtmp
x509
xargs
xgettext
xmlwf
xstr
xsubpp
yacc
yes
ypcat
ypchfn
ypchpass
ypchsh
ypmatch
yppasswd
ypwhich
yyfix
zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zegrep
zfgrep
zforce
zgrep
zmore
znew
_exit
__syscall
 
FreeBSD/Linux/UNIX General Commands Manual
Hypertext Man Pages
f77
 
G77(1)				      GNU				G77(1)



NNAAMMEE
       g77 - GNU project Fortran 77 compiler

SSYYNNOOPPSSIISS
       g77 [--cc|--SS|--EE]
	   [--gg] [--ppgg] [--OOlevel]
	   [--WWwarn...] [--ppeeddaannttiicc]
	   [--IIdir...] [--LLdir...]
	   [--DDmacro[=defn]...] [--UUmacro]
	   [--ffoption...] [--mmmachine-option...]
	   [--oo outfile] infile...

       Only the most useful options are listed here; see below for the remain-
       der.

DDEESSCCRRIIPPTTIIOONN
       The gg7777 command supports all the options supported by the ggcccc command.

       All ggcccc and gg7777 options are accepted both by gg7777 and by ggcccc (as well as
       any other drivers built at the same time, such as gg++), since adding
       gg7777 to the ggcccc distribution enables acceptance of gg7777 options by all of
       the relevant drivers.

       In some cases, options have positive and negative forms; the negative
       form of --ffffoooo would be --ffnnoo--ffoooo.  This manual documents only one of
       these two forms, whichever one is not the default.

OOPPTTIIOONNSS
       Here is a summary of all the options specific to GNU Fortran, grouped
       by type.  Explanations are in the following sections.

       Overall Options
	   --ffvveerrssiioonn  --ffsseett--gg7777--ddeeffaauullttss  --ffnnoo--ssiilleenntt

       Shorthand Options
	   --ffff6666  --ffnnoo--ff6666  --ffff7777  --ffnnoo--ff7777  --ffnnoo--uuggllyy

       Fortran Language Options
	   --ffffrreeee--ffoorrmm	--ffnnoo--ffiixxeedd--ffoorrmm  --ffff9900 --ffvvxxtt  --ffddoollllaarr--ookk  --ffnnoo--bbaacckk--
	   ssllaasshh --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--aarrggss  --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--aassssiiggnn  --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--aassssuummeedd --ffuuggllyy--
	   ccoommmmaa  --ffuuggllyy--ccoommpplleexx  --ffuuggllyy--iinniitt  --ffuuggllyy--llooggiinntt --ffoonneettrriipp
	   --ffttyyppeelleessss--bboozz --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp  --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--uuppppeerr --ffiinnttrriinn--
	   ccaassee--lloowweerr  --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--aannyy --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp  --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--
	   uuppppeerr --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--lloowweerr  --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--aannyy --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
	   --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--lloowweerr --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--pprreesseerrvvee --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp
	   --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--uuppppeerr --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--lloowweerr  --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--aannyy --ffccaassee--
	   ssttrriicctt--uuppppeerr  --ffccaassee--ssttrriicctt--lloowweerr --ffccaassee--iinniittccaapp  --ffccaassee--uuppppeerr
	   --ffccaassee--lloowweerr  --ffccaassee--pprreesseerrvvee --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffff22cc--
	   iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee  --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
	   --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee	--ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--
	   ddiissaabbllee  --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffggnnuu--
	   iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee  --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--
	   ddiissaabbllee  --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffuunniixx--
	   iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee  --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee  --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--
	   ddiissaabbllee  --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee --ffffiixxeedd--lliinnee--lleennggtthh--n  --ffffiixxeedd--
	   lliinnee--lleennggtthh--nnoonnee

       Warning Options
	   --ffssyynnttaaxx--oonnllyy  --ppeeddaannttiicc  --ppeeddaannttiicc--eerrrroorrss  --ffppeeddaannttiicc --ww  --WWnnoo--
	   gglloobbaallss  --WWiimmpplliicciitt	--WWuunnuusseedd  --WWuunniinniittiiaalliizzeedd --WWaallll  --WWssuurrpprriissiinngg
	   --WWeerrrroorr  --WW

       Debugging Options
	   --gg

       Optimization Options
	   --mmaalliiggnn--ddoouubbllee --ffffllooaatt--ssttoorree  --ffffoorrccee--mmeemm  --ffffoorrccee--aaddddrr  --ffnnoo--
	   iinnlliinnee --ffffaasstt--mmaatthh  --ffssttrreennggtthh--rreedduuccee  --ffrreerruunn--ccssee--aafftteerr--lloooopp --ffuunn--
	   ssaaffee--mmaatthh--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss --ffnnoo--ttrraappppiinngg--mmaatthh --ffeexxppeennssiivvee--ooppttiimmiizzaa--
	   ttiioonnss  --ffddeellaayyeedd--bbrraanncchh --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnnss  --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnn22
	   --ffccaalllleerr--ssaavveess --ffuunnrroollll--llooooppss  --ffuunnrroollll--aallll--llooooppss --ffnnoo--mmoovvee--aallll--
	   mmoovvaabblleess  --ffnnoo--rreedduuccee--aallll--ggiivvss --ffnnoo--rreerruunn--lloooopp--oopptt

       Directory Options
	   --IIdir  --II--

       Code Generation Options
	   --ffnnoo--aauuttoommaattiicc  --ffiinniitt--llooccaall--zzeerroo  --ffnnoo--ff22cc --ffff22cc--lliibbrraarryy  --ffnnoo--
	   uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg  --ffnnoo--iiddeenntt --ffppcccc--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn  --ffrreegg--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn
	   --ffsshhoorrtt--ddoouubbllee  --ffnnoo--ccoommmmoonn	--ffppaacckk--ssttrruucctt --ffzzeerrooss  --ffnnoo--sseeccoonndd--
	   uunnddeerrssccoorree --ffeemmuullaattee--ccoommpplleexx --ffaalliiaass--cchheecckk  --ffaarrgguummeenntt--aalliiaass --ffaarr--
	   gguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass  --ffnnoo--aarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass--gglloobbaall --ffnnoo--gglloobbaallss  --ffffllaatt--
	   tteenn--aarrrraayyss --ffbboouunnddss--cchheecckk  --ffffoorrttrraann--bboouunnddss--cchheecckk

       Compilation can involve as many as four stages: preprocessing, code
       generation (often what is really meant by the term ``compilation''),
       assembly, and linking, always in that order.  The first three stages
       apply to an individual source file, and end by producing an object
       file; linking combines all the object files (those newly compiled, and
       those specified as input) into an executable file.

       For any given input file, the file name suffix determines what kind of
       program is contained in the file---that is, the language in which the
       program is written is generally indicated by the suffix.  Suffixes spe-
       cific to GNU Fortran are listed below.

       file..ff
       file..ffoorr
       file..FFOORR
	   Fortran source code that should not be preprocessed.

	   Such source code cannot contain any preprocessor directives, such
	   as "#include", "#define", "#if", and so on.

	   You can force ..ff files to be preprocessed by ccpppp by using --xx
	   ff7777--ccpppp--iinnppuutt.

       file..FF
       file..ffpppp
       file..FFPPPP
	   Fortran source code that must be preprocessed (by the C preproces-
	   sor ccpppp, which is part of GNU CC).

	   Note that preprocessing is not extended to the contents of files
	   included by the "INCLUDE" directive---the "#include" preprocessor
	   directive must be used instead.

       file..rr
	   Ratfor source code, which must be preprocessed by the rraattffoorr com-
	   mand, which is available separately (as it is not yet part of the
	   GNU Fortran distribution).  One version in Fortran, adapted for use
	   with gg7777 is at <ffttpp::////mmeemmbbeerrss..aaooll..ccoomm//nn88ttmm//rraatt77..uuuuee> (of uncertain
	   copyright status).  Another, public domain version in C is at
	   <hhttttpp::////sseeppwwwwww..ssttaannffoorrdd..eedduu//sseepp//pprrooff//rraattffoorr..sshhaarr..22>.

       UNIX users typically use the file.f and file.F nomenclature.  Users of
       other operating systems, especially those that cannot distinguish
       upper-case letters from lower-case letters in their file names, typi-
       cally use the file.for and file.fpp nomenclature.

       Use of the preprocessor ccpppp allows use of C-like constructs such as
       "#define" and "#include", but can lead to unexpected, even mistaken,
       results due to Fortran's source file format.  It is recommended that
       use of the C preprocessor be limited to "#include" and, in conjunction
       with "#define", only "#if" and related directives, thus avoiding in-
       line macro expansion entirely.  This recommendation applies especially
       when using the traditional fixed source form.  With free source form,
       fewer unexpected transformations are likely to happen, but use of con-
       structs such as Hollerith and character constants can nevertheless
       present problems, especially when these are continued across multiple
       source lines.  These problems result, primarily, from differences
       between the way such constants are interpreted by the C preprocessor
       and by a Fortran compiler.

       Another example of a problem that results from using the C preprocessor
       is that a Fortran comment line that happens to contain any characters
       ``interesting'' to the C preprocessor, such as a backslash at the end
       of the line, is not recognized by the preprocessor as a comment line,
       so instead of being passed through ``raw'', the line is edited accord-
       ing to the rules for the preprocessor.  For example, the backslash at
       the end of the line is removed, along with the subsequent newline,
       resulting in the next line being effectively commented out---unfortu-
       nate if that line is a non-comment line of important code!

       Note: The --ttrraaddiittiioonnaall and --uunnddeeff flags are supplied to ccpppp by default,
       to help avoid unpleasant surprises.

       This means that ANSI C preprocessor features (such as the ## operator)
       aren't available, and only variables in the C reserved namespace (gen-
       erally, names with a leading underscore) are liable to substitution by
       C predefines.  Thus, if you want to do system-specific tests, use, for
       example, ##iiffddeeff _<font color="red">__<font color="red">_lliinnuuxx_<font color="red">__<font color="red">_ rather than ##iiffddeeff lliinnuuxx.  Use the --vv option
       to see exactly how the preprocessor is invoked.

       Unfortunately, the --ttrraaddiittiioonnaall flag will not avoid an error from any-
       thing that ccpppp sees as an unterminated C comment, such as:

	       C Some Fortran compilers accept /* as starting
	       C an inline comment.

       The following options that affect overall processing are recognized by
       the gg7777 and ggcccc commands in a GNU Fortran installation:

       --ffvveerrssiioonn
	   Ensure that the gg7777 version of the compiler phase is reported, if
	   run, and, starting in "egcs" version 1.1, that internal consistency
	   checks in the f771 program are run.

	   This option is supplied automatically when --vv or ----vveerrbboossee is spec-
	   ified as a command-line option for gg7777 or ggcccc and when the result-
	   ing commands compile Fortran source files.

	   In GCC 3.1, this is changed back to the behaviour ggcccc displays for
	   ..cc files.

       --ffsseett--gg7777--ddeeffaauullttss
	   Version info: This option was obsolete as of "egcs" version 1.1.
	   The effect is instead achieved by the "lang_init_options" routine
	   in gcc/gcc/f/com.c.

	   Set up whatever ggcccc options are to apply to Fortran compilations,
	   and avoid running internal consistency checks that might take some
	   time.

	   This option is supplied automatically when compiling Fortran code
	   via the gg7777 or ggcccc command.	The description of this option is pro-
	   vided so that users seeing it in the output of, say, gg7777 --vv under-
	   stand why it is there.

	   Also, developers who run "f771" directly might want to specify it
	   by hand to get the same defaults as they would running "f771" via
	   gg7777 or ggcccc However, such developers should, after linking a new
	   "f771" executable, invoke it without this option once, e.g. via
	   "./f771 -quiet < /dev/null", to ensure that they have not intro-
	   duced any internal inconsistencies (such as in the table of intrin-
	   sics) before proceeding---gg7777 will crash with a diagnostic if it
	   detects an inconsistency.

       --ffnnoo--ssiilleenntt
	   Print (to "stderr") the names of the program units as they are com-
	   piled, in a form similar to that used by popular UNIX ff7777 implemen-
	   tations and ff22cc

       SShhoorrtthhaanndd OOppttiioonnss

       The following options serve as ``shorthand'' for other options accepted
       by the compiler:

       --ffuuggllyy
	   Note: This option is no longer supported.  The information, below,
	   is provided to aid in the conversion of old scripts.

	   Specify that certain ``ugly'' constructs are to be quietly
	   accepted.  Same as:

		   -fugly-args -fugly-assign -fugly-assumed
		   -fugly-comma -fugly-complex -fugly-init
		   -fugly-logint

	   These constructs are considered inappropriate to use in new or
	   well-maintained portable Fortran code, but widely used in old code.

       --ffnnoo--uuggllyy
	   Specify that all ``ugly'' constructs are to be noisily rejected.
	   Same as:

		   -fno-ugly-args -fno-ugly-assign -fno-ugly-assumed
		   -fno-ugly-comma -fno-ugly-complex -fno-ugly-init
		   -fno-ugly-logint


       --ffff6666
	   Specify that the program is written in idiomatic FORTRAN 66.  Same
	   as --ffoonneettrriipp --ffuuggllyy--aassssuummeedd.

	   The --ffnnoo--ff6666 option is the inverse of --ffff6666.  As such, it is the
	   same as --ffnnoo--oonneettrriipp --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--aassssuummeedd.

	   The meaning of this option is likely to be refined as future ver-
	   sions of gg7777 provide more compatibility with other existing and
	   obsolete Fortran implementations.

       --ffff7777
	   Specify that the program is written in idiomatic UNIX FORTRAN 77
	   and/or the dialect accepted by the ff22cc product.  Same as --ffbbaacckk--
	   ssllaasshh --ffnnoo--ttyyppeelleessss--bboozz.

	   The meaning of this option is likely to be refined as future ver-
	   sions of gg7777 provide more compatibility with other existing and
	   obsolete Fortran implementations.

       --ffnnoo--ff7777
	   The --ffnnoo--ff7777 option is not the inverse of --ffff7777.  It specifies that
	   the program is not written in idiomatic UNIX FORTRAN 77 or ff22cc but
	   in a more widely portable dialect.  --ffnnoo--ff7777 is the same as --ffnnoo--
	   bbaacckkssllaasshh.

	   The meaning of this option is likely to be refined as future ver-
	   sions of gg7777 provide more compatibility with other existing and
	   obsolete Fortran implementations.

       OOppttiioonnss CCoonnttrroolllliinngg FFoorrttrraann DDiiaalleecctt

       The following options control the dialect of Fortran that the compiler
       accepts:

       --ffffrreeee--ffoorrmm
       --ffnnoo--ffiixxeedd--ffoorrmm
	   Specify that the source file is written in free form (introduced in
	   Fortran 90) instead of the more-traditional fixed form.

       --ffff9900
	   Allow certain Fortran-90 constructs.

	   This option controls whether certain Fortran 90 constructs are rec-
	   ognized.  (Other Fortran 90 constructs might or might not be recog-
	   nized depending on other options such as --ffvvxxtt, --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--
	   eennaabbllee, and the current level of support for Fortran 90.)

       --ffvvxxtt
	   Specify the treatment of certain constructs that have different
	   meanings depending on whether the code is written in GNU Fortran
	   (based on FORTRAN 77 and akin to Fortran 90) or VXT Fortran (more
	   like VAX FORTRAN).

	   The default is --ffnnoo--vvxxtt.  --ffvvxxtt specifies that the VXT Fortran
	   interpretations for those constructs are to be chosen.

       --ffddoollllaarr--ookk
	   Allow $$ as a valid character in a symbol name.

       --ffnnoo--bbaacckkssllaasshh
	   Specify that \\ is not to be specially interpreted in character and
	   Hollerith constants a la C and many UNIX Fortran compilers.

	   For example, with --ffbbaacckkssllaasshh in effect, AA\\nnBB specifies three char-
	   acters, with the second one being newline.  With --ffnnoo--bbaacckkssllaasshh, it
	   specifies four characters, AA, \\, nn, and BB.

	   Note that gg7777 implements a fairly general form of backslash pro-
	   cessing that is incompatible with the narrower forms supported by
	   some other compilers.  For example, ''AA\\000033BB'' is a three-character
	   string in gg7777 whereas other compilers that support backslash might
	   not support the three-octal-digit form, and thus treat that string
	   as longer than three characters.

       --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--aarrggss
	   Disallow passing Hollerith and typeless constants as actual argu-
	   ments (for example, CCAALLLL FFOOOO((44HHAABBCCDD))).

       --ffuuggllyy--aassssiiggnn
	   Use the same storage for a given variable regardless of whether it
	   is used to hold an assigned-statement label (as in AASSSSIIGGNN 1100 TTOO II)
	   or used to hold numeric data (as in II == 33).

       --ffuuggllyy--aassssuummeedd
	   Assume any dummy array with a final dimension specified as 11 is
	   really an assumed-size array, as if ** had been specified for the
	   final dimension instead of 11.

	   For example, DDIIMMEENNSSIIOONN XX((11)) is treated as if it had read DDIIMMEENNSSIIOONN
	   XX((**)).

       --ffuuggllyy--ccoommmmaa
	   In an external-procedure invocation, treat a trailing comma in the
	   argument list as specification of a trailing null argument, and
	   treat an empty argument list as specification of a single null
	   argument.

	   For example, CCAALLLL FFOOOO((,,)) is treated as CCAALLLL FFOOOO((%%VVAALL((00)),, %%VVAALL((00)))).
	   That is, two null arguments are specified by the procedure call
	   when --ffuuggllyy--ccoommmmaa is in force.  And FF == FFUUNNCC(()) is treated as FF ==
	   FFUUNNCC((%%VVAALL((00)))).

	   The default behavior, --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--ccoommmmaa, is to ignore a single trail-
	   ing comma in an argument list.  So, by default, CCAALLLL FFOOOO((XX,,)) is
	   treated exactly the same as CCAALLLL FFOOOO((XX)).

       --ffuuggllyy--ccoommpplleexx
	   Do not complain about RREEAALL((expr)) or AAIIMMAAGG((expr)) when expr is a
	   "COMPLEX" type other than "COMPLEX(KIND=1)"---usually this is used
	   to permit "COMPLEX(KIND=2)" ("DOUBLE COMPLEX") operands.

	   The --ffff9900 option controls the interpretation of this construct.

       --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--iinniitt
	   Disallow use of Hollerith and typeless constants as initial values
	   (in "PARAMETER" and "DATA" statements), and use of character con-
	   stants to initialize numeric types and vice versa.

	   For example, DDAATTAA II//''FF''//,, CCHHRRVVAARR//6655//,, JJ//44HHAABBCCDD// is disallowed by
	   --ffnnoo--uuggllyy--iinniitt.

       --ffuuggllyy--llooggiinntt
	   Treat "INTEGER" and "LOGICAL" variables and expressions as poten-
	   tial stand-ins for each other.

	   For example, automatic conversion between "INTEGER" and "LOGICAL"
	   is enabled, for many contexts, via this option.

       --ffoonneettrriipp
	   Executable iterative "DO" loops are to be executed at least once
	   each time they are reached.

	   ANSI FORTRAN 77 and more recent versions of the Fortran standard
	   specify that the body of an iterative "DO" loop is not executed if
	   the number of iterations calculated from the parameters of the loop
	   is less than 1.  (For example, DDOO 1100 II == 11,, 00.)  Such a loop is
	   called a zero-trip loop.

	   Prior to ANSI FORTRAN 77, many compilers implemented "DO" loops
	   such that the body of a loop would be executed at least once, even
	   if the iteration count was zero.  Fortran code written assuming
	   this behavior is said to require one-trip loops.  For example, some
	   code written to the FORTRAN 66 standard expects this behavior from
	   its "DO" loops, although that standard did not specify this behav-
	   ior.

	   The --ffoonneettrriipp option specifies that the source file(s) being com-
	   piled require one-trip loops.

	   This option affects only those loops specified by the (iterative)
	   "DO" statement and by implied-"DO" lists in I/O statements.	Loops
	   specified by implied-"DO" lists in "DATA" and specification (non-
	   executable) statements are not affected.

       --ffttyyppeelleessss--bboozz
	   Specifies that prefix-radix non-decimal constants, such as ZZ''AABBCCDD'',
	   are typeless instead of "INTEGER(KIND=1)".

	   You can test for yourself whether a particular compiler treats the
	   prefix form as "INTEGER(KIND=1)" or typeless by running the follow-
	   ing program:

		   EQUIVALENCE (I, R)
		   R = Z'ABCD1234'
		   J = Z'ABCD1234'
		   IF (J .EQ. I) PRINT *, 'Prefix form is TYPELESS'
		   IF (J .NE. I) PRINT *, 'Prefix form is INTEGER'
		   END

	   Reports indicate that many compilers process this form as "INTE-
	   GER(KIND=1)", though a few as typeless, and at least one based on a
	   command-line option specifying some kind of compatibility.

       --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp
       --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
       --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--lloowweerr
       --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--aannyy
	   Specify expected case for intrinsic names.  --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--lloowweerr is
	   the default.

       --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp
       --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
       --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--lloowweerr
       --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--aannyy
	   Specify expected case for keywords.	--ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--lloowweerr is the
	   default.

       --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
       --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--lloowweerr
       --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--pprreesseerrvvee
	   Specify whether source text other than character and Hollerith con-
	   stants is to be translated to uppercase, to lowercase, or preserved
	   as is.  --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--lloowweerr is the default.

       --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp
       --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
       --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--lloowweerr
       --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--aannyy
	   Specify valid cases for user-defined symbol names.  --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--
	   aannyy is the default.

       --ffccaassee--ssttrriicctt--uuppppeerr
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--uuppppeerr --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--uuppppeerr --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--pprree--
	   sseerrvvee --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--uuppppeerr.  (Requires all pertinent source to be in
	   uppercase.)

       --ffccaassee--ssttrriicctt--lloowweerr
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--lloowweerr --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--lloowweerr --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--pprree--
	   sseerrvvee --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--lloowweerr.  (Requires all pertinent source to be in
	   lowercase.)

       --ffccaassee--iinniittccaapp
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--
	   pprreesseerrvvee --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--iinniittccaapp.  (Requires all pertinent source to
	   be in initial capitals, as in PPrriinntt **,,SSqqRRtt((VVaalluuee)).)

       --ffccaassee--uuppppeerr
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--aannyy --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--aannyy --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--uuppppeerr
	   --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--aannyy.  (Maps all pertinent source to uppercase.)

       --ffccaassee--lloowweerr
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--aannyy --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--aannyy --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--lloowweerr
	   --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--aannyy.  (Maps all pertinent source to lowercase.)

       --ffccaassee--pprreesseerrvvee
	   Same as --ffiinnttrriinn--ccaassee--aannyy --ffmmaattcchh--ccaassee--aannyy --ffssoouurrccee--ccaassee--pprreesseerrvvee
	   --ffssyymmbbooll--ccaassee--aannyy.  (Preserves all case in user-defined symbols,
	   while allowing any-case matching of intrinsics and keywords.  For
	   example, ccaallll FFoooo((ii,,II)) would pass two different variables named ii
	   and II to a procedure named FFoooo.)

       --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of UNIX intrinsics having inappropriate forms.
	   --ffbbaadduu7777--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee is the default.

       --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of f2c-specific intrinsics.  --ffff22cc--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   is the default.

       --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of F90-specific intrinsics.  --ffff9900--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   is the default.

       --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffggnnuu--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of Digital's COMPLEX-related intrinsics.  --ffggnnuu--
	   iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee is the default.

       --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffmmiill--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of MIL-STD-1753-specific intrinsics.	--ffmmiill--iinnttrriinn--
	   ssiiccss--eennaabbllee is the default.

       --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of UNIX intrinsics.  --ffuunniixx--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee is the
	   default.

       --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddeelleettee
       --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--hhiiddee
       --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--ddiissaabbllee
       --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee
	   Specify status of VXT intrinsics.  --ffvvxxtt--iinnttrriinnssiiccss--eennaabbllee is the
	   default.

       --ffffiixxeedd--lliinnee--lleennggtthh--n
	   Set column after which characters are ignored in typical fixed-form
	   lines in the source file, and through which spaces are assumed (as
	   if padded to that length) after the ends of short fixed-form lines.

	   Popular values for n include 72 (the standard and the default), 80
	   (card image), and 132 (corresponds to ``extended-source'' options
	   in some popular compilers).	n may be nnoonnee, meaning that the entire
	   line is meaningful and that continued character constants never
	   have implicit spaces appended to them to fill out the line.
	   --ffffiixxeedd--lliinnee--lleennggtthh--00 means the same thing as --ffffiixxeedd--lliinnee--lleennggtthh--
	   nnoonnee.

       OOppttiioonnss ttoo RReeqquueesstt oorr SSuupppprreessss WWaarrnniinnggss

       Warnings are diagnostic messages that report constructions which are
       not inherently erroneous but which are risky or suggest there might
       have been an error.

       You can request many specific warnings with options beginning --WW, for
       example --WWiimmpplliicciitt to request warnings on implicit declarations.  Each
       of these specific warning options also has a negative form beginning
       --WWnnoo-- to turn off warnings; for example, --WWnnoo--iimmpplliicciitt.	This manual
       lists only one of the two forms, whichever is not the default.

       These options control the amount and kinds of warnings produced by GNU
       Fortran:

       --ffssyynnttaaxx--oonnllyy
	   Check the code for syntax errors, but don't do anything beyond
	   that.

       --ppeeddaannttiicc
	   Issue warnings for uses of extensions to ANSI FORTRAN 77.  --ppeeddaann--
	   ttiicc also applies to C-language constructs where they occur in GNU
	   Fortran source files, such as use of \\ee in a character constant
	   within a directive like ##iinncclluuddee.

	   Valid ANSI FORTRAN 77 programs should compile properly with or
	   without this option.  However, without this option, certain GNU
	   extensions and traditional Fortran features are supported as well.
	   With this option, many of them are rejected.

	   Some users try to use --ppeeddaannttiicc to check programs for strict ANSI
	   conformance.  They soon find that it does not do quite what they
	   want---it finds some non-ANSI practices, but not all.  However,
	   improvements to gg7777 in this area are welcome.

       --ppeeddaannttiicc--eerrrroorrss
	   Like --ppeeddaannttiicc, except that errors are produced rather than warn-
	   ings.

       --ffppeeddaannttiicc
	   Like --ppeeddaannttiicc, but applies only to Fortran constructs.

       --ww  Inhibit all warning messages.

       --WWnnoo--gglloobbaallss
	   Inhibit warnings about use of a name as both a global name (a sub-
	   routine, function, or block data program unit, or a common block)
	   and implicitly as the name of an intrinsic in a source file.

	   Also inhibit warnings about inconsistent invocations and/or defini-
	   tions of global procedures (function and subroutines).  Such incon-
	   sistencies include different numbers of arguments and different
	   types of arguments.

       --WWiimmpplliicciitt
	   Warn whenever a variable, array, or function is implicitly
	   declared.  Has an effect similar to using the "IMPLICIT NONE"
	   statement in every program unit.  (Some Fortran compilers provide
	   this feature by an option named --uu or //WWAARRNNIINNGGSS==DDEECCLLAARRAATTIIOONNSS.)

       --WWuunnuusseedd
	   Warn whenever a variable is unused aside from its declaration.

       --WWuunniinniittiiaalliizzeedd
	   Warn whenever an automatic variable is used without first being
	   initialized.

	   These warnings are possible only in optimizing compilation, because
	   they require data-flow information that is computed only when opti-
	   mizing.  If you don't specify --OO, you simply won't get these warn-
	   ings.

	   These warnings occur only for variables that are candidates for
	   register allocation.  Therefore, they do not occur for a variable
	   whose address is taken, or whose size is other than 1, 2, 4 or 8
	   bytes.  Also, they do not occur for arrays, even when they are in
	   registers.

	   Note that there might be no warning about a variable that is used
	   only to compute a value that itself is never used, because such
	   computations may be deleted by data-flow analysis before the warn-
	   ings are printed.

	   These warnings are made optional because GNU Fortran is not smart
	   enough to see all the reasons why the code might be correct despite
	   appearing to have an error.	Here is one example of how this can
	   happen:

		   SUBROUTINE DISPAT(J)
		   IF (J.EQ.1) I=1
		   IF (J.EQ.2) I=4
		   IF (J.EQ.3) I=5
		   CALL FOO(I)
		   END

	   If the value of "J" is always 1, 2 or 3, then "I" is always ini-
	   tialized, but GNU Fortran doesn't know this.  Here is another com-
	   mon case:

		   SUBROUTINE MAYBE(FLAG)
		   LOGICAL FLAG
		   IF (FLAG) VALUE = 9.4
		   ...
		   IF (FLAG) PRINT *, VALUE
		   END

	   This has no bug because "VALUE" is used only if it is set.

       --WWaallll
	   The --WWuunnuusseedd and --WWuunniinniittiiaalliizzeedd options combined.  These are all
	   the options which pertain to usage that we recommend avoiding and
	   that we believe is easy to avoid.  (As more warnings are added to
	   gg7777 some might be added to the list enabled by --WWaallll.)

       The remaining --WW...... options are not implied by --WWaallll because they warn
       about constructions that we consider reasonable to use, on occasion, in
       clean programs.

       --WWssuurrpprriissiinngg
	   Warn about ``suspicious'' constructs that are interpreted by the
	   compiler in a way that might well be surprising to someone reading
	   the code.  These differences can result in subtle, compiler-depen-
	   dent (even machine-dependent) behavioral differences.  The con-
	   structs warned about include:

	   o   Expressions having two arithmetic operators in a row, such as
	       XX**--YY.  Such a construct is nonstandard, and can produce unex-
	       pected results in more complicated situations such as XX****--YY**ZZ.
	       gg7777 along with many other compilers, interprets this example
	       differently than many programmers, and a few other compilers.
	       Specifically, gg7777 interprets XX****--YY**ZZ as ((XX****((--YY))))**ZZ, while oth-
	       ers might think it should be interpreted as XX****((--((YY**ZZ)))).

	       A revealing example is the constant expression 22****--22**11.., which
	       gg7777 evaluates to .25, while others might evaluate it to 0., the
	       difference resulting from the way precedence affects type pro-
	       motion.

	       (The --ffppeeddaannttiicc option also warns about expressions having two
	       arithmetic operators in a row.)

	   o   Expressions with a unary minus followed by an operand and then
	       a binary operator other than plus or minus.  For example, --22****22
	       produces a warning, because the precedence is --((22****22)), yielding
	       -4, not ((--22))****22, which yields 4, and which might represent what
	       a programmer expects.

	       An example of an expression producing different results in a
	       surprising way is --II**SS, where I holds the value --22114477448833664488 and
	       S holds 00..55.  On many systems, negating I results in the same
	       value, not a positive number, because it is already the lower
	       bound of what an "INTEGER(KIND=1)" variable can hold.  So, the
	       expression evaluates to a positive number, while the
	       ``expected'' interpretation, ((--II))**SS, would evaluate to a nega-
	       tive number.

	       Even cases such as --II**JJ produce warnings, even though, in most
	       configurations and situations, there is no computational dif-
	       ference between the results of the two interpretations---the
	       purpose of this warning is to warn about differing interpreta-
	       tions and encourage a better style of coding, not to identify
	       only those places where bugs might exist in the user's code.

	   o   "DO" loops with "DO" variables that are not of integral
	       type---that is, using "REAL" variables as loop control vari-
	       ables.  Although such loops can be written to work in the
	       ``obvious'' way, the way gg7777 is required by the Fortran stan-
	       dard to interpret such code is likely to be quite different
	       from the way many programmers expect.  (This is true of all
	       "DO" loops, but the differences are pronounced for non-integral
	       loop control variables.)

       --WWeerrrroorr
	   Make all warnings into errors.

       --WW  Turns on ``extra warnings'' and, if optimization is specified via
	   --OO, the --WWuunniinniittiiaalliizzeedd option.  (This might change in future ver-
	   sions of gg7777

	   ``Extra warnings'' are issued for:

	   o   Unused parameters to a procedure (when --WWuunnuusseedd also is speci-
	       fied).

	   o   Overflows involving floating-point constants (not available for
	       certain configurations).

       Some of these have no effect when compiling programs written in For-
       tran:

       --WWccoommmmeenntt
       --WWffoorrmmaatt
       --WWppaarreenntthheesseess
       --WWsswwiittcchh
       --WWttrraaddiittiioonnaall
       --WWsshhaaddooww
       --WWiidd--ccllaasshh--len
       --WWllaarrggeerr--tthhaann--len
       --WWccoonnvveerrssiioonn
       --WWaaggggrreeggaattee--rreettuurrnn
       --WWrreedduunnddaanntt--ddeeccllss
	   These options all could have some relevant meaning for GNU Fortran
	   programs, but are not yet supported.

       OOppttiioonnss ffoorr DDeebbuuggggiinngg YYoouurr PPrrooggrraamm oorr GGNNUU FFoorrttrraann

       GNU Fortran has various special options that are used for debugging
       either your program or gg7777

       --gg  Produce debugging information in the operating system's native for-
	   mat (stabs, COFF, XCOFF, or DWARF).	GDB can work with this debug-
	   ging information.

	   A sample debugging session looks like this (note the use of the
	   breakpoint):

		   $ cat gdb.f
			 PROGRAM PROG
			 DIMENSION A(10)
			 DATA A /1.,2.,3.,4.,5.,6.,7.,8.,9.,10./
			 A(5) = 4.
			 PRINT*,A
			 END
		   $ g77 -g -O gdb.f
		   $ gdb a.out
		   ...
		   (gdb) break MAIN__
		   Breakpoint 1 at 0x8048e96: file gdb.f, line 4.
		   (gdb) run
		   Starting program: /home/toon/g77-bugs/./a.out
		   Breakpoint 1, MAIN__ () at gdb.f:4
		   4		 A(5) = 4.
		   Current language:  auto; currently fortran
		   (gdb) print a(5)
		   $1 = 5
		   (gdb) step
		   5		 PRINT*,A
		   (gdb) print a(5)
		   $2 = 4
		   ...

	   One could also add the setting of the breakpoint and the first run
	   command to the file .gdbinit in the current directory, to simplify
	   the debugging session.

       OOppttiioonnss TThhaatt CCoonnttrrooll OOppttiimmiizzaattiioonn

       Most Fortran users will want to use no optimization when developing and
       testing programs, and use --OO or --OO22 when compiling programs for late-
       cycle testing and for production use.  However, note that certain diag-
       nostics---such as for uninitialized variables---depend on the flow
       analysis done by --OO, i.e. you must use --OO or --OO22 to get such diagnos-
       tics.

       The following flags have particular applicability when compiling For-
       tran programs:

       --mmaalliiggnn--ddoouubbllee
	   (Intel x86 architecture only.)

	   Noticeably improves performance of gg7777 programs making heavy use of
	   "REAL(KIND=2)" ("DOUBLE PRECISION") data on some systems.  In par-
	   ticular, systems using Pentium, Pentium Pro, 586, and 686 implemen-
	   tations of the i386 architecture execute programs faster when
	   "REAL(KIND=2)" ("DOUBLE PRECISION") data are aligned on 64-bit
	   boundaries in memory.

	   This option can, at least, make benchmark results more consistent
	   across various system configurations, versions of the program, and
	   data sets.

	   Note: The warning in the ggcccc documentation about this option does
	   not apply, generally speaking, to Fortran code compiled by gg7777

	   Also also note: The negative form of --mmaalliiggnn--ddoouubbllee is --mmnnoo--aalliiggnn--
	   ddoouubbllee, not --bbeenniiggnn--ddoouubbllee.

       --ffffllooaatt--ssttoorree
	   Might help a Fortran program that depends on exact IEEE conformance
	   on some machines, but might slow down a program that doesn't.

	   This option is effective when the floating-point unit is set to
	   work in IEEE 854 `extended precision'---as it typically is on x86
	   and m68k GNU systems---rather than IEEE 754 double precision.
	   --ffffllooaatt--ssttoorree tries to remove the extra precision by spilling data
	   from floating-point registers into memory and this typically
	   involves a big performance hit.  However, it doesn't affect inter-
	   mediate results, so that it is only partially effective.  `Excess
	   precision' is avoided in code like:

		   a = b + c
		   d = a * e

	   but not in code like:

			 d = (b + c) * e

	   For another, potentially better, way of controlling the precision,
	   see @ref{Floating-point precision}.

       --ffffoorrccee--mmeemm
       --ffffoorrccee--aaddddrr
	   Might improve optimization of loops.

       --ffnnoo--iinnlliinnee
	   Don't compile statement functions inline.  Might reduce the size of
	   a program unit---which might be at expense of some speed (though it
	   should compile faster).  Note that if you are not optimizing, no
	   functions can be expanded inline.

       --ffffaasstt--mmaatthh
	   Might allow some programs designed to not be too dependent on IEEE
	   behavior for floating-point to run faster, or die trying.  Sets
	   --ffuunnssaaffee--mmaatthh--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss, and --ffnnoo--ttrraappppiinngg--mmaatthh.

       --ffuunnssaaffee--mmaatthh--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss
	   Allow optimizations that may be give incorrect results for certain
	   IEEE inputs.

       --ffnnoo--ttrraappppiinngg--mmaatthh
	   Allow the compiler to assume that floating-point arithmetic will
	   not generate traps on any inputs.  This is useful, for example,
	   when running a program using IEEE "non-stop" floating-point arith-
	   metic.

       --ffssttrreennggtthh--rreedduuccee
	   Might make some loops run faster.

       --ffrreerruunn--ccssee--aafftteerr--lloooopp
       --ffeexxppeennssiivvee--ooppttiimmiizzaattiioonnss
       --ffddeellaayyeedd--bbrraanncchh
       --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnnss
       --ffsscchheedduullee--iinnssnnss22
       --ffccaalllleerr--ssaavveess
	   Might improve performance on some code.

       --ffuunnrroollll--llooooppss
	   Typically improves performance on code using iterative "DO" loops
	   by unrolling them and is probably generally appropriate for For-
	   tran, though it is not turned on at any optimization level.	Note
	   that outer loop unrolling isn't done specifically; decisions about
	   whether to unroll a loop are made on the basis of its instruction
	   count.

	   Also, no `loop discovery'[1] is done, so only loops written with
	   "DO" benefit from loop optimizations, including---but not limited
	   to---unrolling.  Loops written with "IF" and "GOTO" are not cur-
	   rently recognized as such.  This option unrolls only iterative "DO"
	   loops, not "DO WHILE" loops.

       --ffuunnrroollll--aallll--llooooppss
	   Probably improves performance on code using "DO WHILE" loops by
	   unrolling them in addition to iterative "DO" loops.	In the absence
	   of "DO WHILE", this option is equivalent to --ffuunnrroollll--llooooppss but pos-
	   sibly slower.

       --ffnnoo--mmoovvee--aallll--mmoovvaabblleess
       --ffnnoo--rreedduuccee--aallll--ggiivvss
       --ffnnoo--rreerruunn--lloooopp--oopptt
	   In general, the optimizations enabled with these options will lead
	   to faster code being generated by GNU Fortran; hence they are
	   enabled by default when issuing the gg7777 command.

	   --ffmmoovvee--aallll--mmoovvaabblleess and --ffrreedduuccee--aallll--ggiivvss will enable loop opti-
	   mization to move all loop-invariant index computations in nested
	   loops over multi-rank array dummy arguments out of these loops.

	   --ffrreerruunn--lloooopp--oopptt will move offset calculations resulting from the
	   fact that Fortran arrays by default have a lower bound of 1 out of
	   the loops.

	   These three options are intended to be removed someday, once loop
	   optimization is sufficiently advanced to perform all those trans-
	   formations without help from these options.

       OOppttiioonnss CCoonnttrroolllliinngg tthhee PPrreepprroocceessssoorr

       These options control the C preprocessor, which is run on each C source
       file before actual compilation.

       Some of these options also affect how gg7777 processes the "INCLUDE"
       directive.  Since this directive is processed even when preprocessing
       is not requested, it is not described in this section.

       However, the "INCLUDE" directive does not apply preprocessing to the
       contents of the included file itself.

       Therefore, any file that contains preprocessor directives (such as
       "#include", "#define", and "#if") must be included via the "#include"
       directive, not via the "INCLUDE" directive.  Therefore, any file con-
       taining preprocessor directives, if included, is necessarily included
       by a file that itself contains preprocessor directives.

       OOppttiioonnss ffoorr DDiirreeccttoorryy SSeeaarrcchh

       These options affect how the ccpppp preprocessor searches for files speci-
       fied via the "#include" directive.  Therefore, when compiling Fortran
       programs, they are meaningful when the preprocessor is used.

       Some of these options also affect how gg7777 searches for files specified
       via the "INCLUDE" directive, although files included by that directive
       are not, themselves, preprocessed.  These options are:

       --II--
       --IIdir
	   These affect interpretation of the "INCLUDE" directive (as well as
	   of the "#include" directive of the ccpppp preprocessor).

	   Note that --IIdir must be specified without any spaces between --II and
	   the directory name---that is, --IIffoooo//bbaarr is valid, but --II ffoooo//bbaarr is
	   rejected by the gg7777 compiler (though the preprocessor supports the
	   latter form).  Also note that the general behavior of --II and
	   "INCLUDE" is pretty much the same as of --II with "#include" in the
	   ccpppp preprocessor, with regard to looking for header.gcc files and
	   other such things.

       OOppttiioonnss ffoorr CCooddee GGeenneerraattiioonn CCoonnvveennttiioonnss

       These machine-independent options control the interface conventions
       used in code generation.

       Most of them have both positive and negative forms; the negative form
       of --ffffoooo would be --ffnnoo--ffoooo.  In the table below, only one of the forms
       is listed---the one which is not the default.  You can figure out the
       other form by either removing nnoo-- or adding it.

       --ffnnoo--aauuttoommaattiicc
	   Treat each program unit as if the "SAVE" statement was specified
	   for every local variable and array referenced in it.  Does not
	   affect common blocks.  (Some Fortran compilers provide this option
	   under the name --ssttaattiicc.)

       --ffiinniitt--llooccaall--zzeerroo
	   Specify that variables and arrays that are local to a program unit
	   (not in a common block and not passed as an argument) are to be
	   initialized to binary zeros.

	   Since there is a run-time penalty for initialization of variables
	   that are not given the "SAVE" attribute, it might be a good idea to
	   also use --ffnnoo--aauuttoommaattiicc with --ffiinniitt--llooccaall--zzeerroo.

       --ffnnoo--ff22cc
	   Do not generate code designed to be compatible with code generated
	   by ff22cc use the GNU calling conventions instead.

	   The ff22cc calling conventions require functions that return type
	   "REAL(KIND=1)" to actually return the C type "double", and func-
	   tions that return type "COMPLEX" to return the values via an extra
	   argument in the calling sequence that points to where to store the
	   return value.  Under the GNU calling conventions, such functions
	   simply return their results as they would in GNU C---"REAL(KIND=1)"
	   functions return the C type "float", and "COMPLEX" functions return
	   the GNU C type "complex" (or its "struct" equivalent).

	   This does not affect the generation of code that interfaces with
	   the "libg2c" library.

	   However, because the "libg2c" library uses ff22cc calling conventions,
	   gg7777 rejects attempts to pass intrinsics implemented by routines in
	   this library as actual arguments when --ffnnoo--ff22cc is used, to avoid
	   bugs when they are actually called by code expecting the GNU call-
	   ing conventions to work.

	   For example, IINNTTRRIINNSSIICC AABBSS;;CCAALLLL FFOOOO((AABBSS)) is rejected when --ffnnoo--ff22cc
	   is in force.  (Future versions of the gg7777 run-time library might
	   offer routines that provide GNU-callable versions of the routines
	   that implement the ff22cc intrinsics that may be passed as actual
	   arguments, so that valid programs need not be rejected when --ffnnoo--
	   ff22cc is used.)

	   CCaauuttiioonn:: If --ffnnoo--ff22cc is used when compiling any source file used in
	   a program, it must be used when compiling all Fortran source files
	   used in that program.

       --ffff22cc--lliibbrraarryy
	   Specify that use of "libg2c" (or the original "libf2c") is
	   required.  This is the default for the current version of gg7777

	   Currently it is not valid to specify --ffnnoo--ff22cc--lliibbrraarryy.  This option
	   is provided so users can specify it in shell scripts that build
	   programs and libraries that require the "libf2c" library, even when
	   being compiled by future versions of gg7777 that might otherwise
	   default to generating code for an incompatible library.

       --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg
	   Do not transform names of entities specified in the Fortran source
	   file by appending underscores to them.

	   With --ffuunnddeerrssccoorriinngg in effect, gg7777 appends two underscores to names
	   with underscores and one underscore to external names with no
	   underscores.  (gg7777 also appends two underscores to internal names
	   with underscores to avoid naming collisions with external names.
	   The --ffnnoo--sseeccoonndd--uunnddeerrssccoorree option disables appending of the second
	   underscore in all cases.)

	   This is done to ensure compatibility with code produced by many
	   UNIX Fortran compilers, including ff22cc which perform the same trans-
	   formations.

	   Use of --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg is not recommended unless you are experi-
	   menting with issues such as integration of (GNU) Fortran into
	   existing system environments (vis-a-vis existing libraries, tools,
	   and so on).

	   For example, with --ffuunnddeerrssccoorriinngg, and assuming other defaults like
	   --ffccaassee--lloowweerr and that jj(()) and mmaaxx__ccoouunntt(()) are external functions
	   while mmyy_<font color="red">_vvaarr and llvvaarr are local variables, a statement like

		   I = J() + MAX_COUNT (MY_VAR, LVAR)

	   is implemented as something akin to:

		   i = j_() + max_count__(&my_var__, &lvar);

	   With --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg, the same statement is implemented as:

		   i = j() + max_count(&my_var, &lvar);

	   Use of --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg allows direct specification of user-
	   defined names while debugging and when interfacing gg7777 code with
	   other languages.

	   Note that just because the names match does not mean that the
	   interface implemented by gg7777 for an external name matches the
	   interface implemented by some other language for that same name.
	   That is, getting code produced by gg7777 to link to code produced by
	   some other compiler using this or any other method can be only a
	   small part of the overall solution---getting the code generated by
	   both compilers to agree on issues other than naming can require
	   significant effort, and, unlike naming disagreements, linkers nor-
	   mally cannot detect disagreements in these other areas.

	   Also, note that with --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg, the lack of appended under-
	   scores introduces the very real possibility that a user-defined
	   external name will conflict with a name in a system library, which
	   could make finding unresolved-reference bugs quite difficult in
	   some cases---they might occur at program run time, and show up only
	   as buggy behavior at run time.

	   In future versions of gg7777 we hope to improve naming and linking
	   issues so that debugging always involves using the names as they
	   appear in the source, even if the names as seen by the linker are
	   mangled to prevent accidental linking between procedures with
	   incompatible interfaces.

       --ffnnoo--sseeccoonndd--uunnddeerrssccoorree
	   Do not append a second underscore to names of entities specified in
	   the Fortran source file.

	   This option has no effect if --ffnnoo--uunnddeerrssccoorriinngg is in effect.

	   Otherwise, with this option, an external name such as MMAAXX_<font color="red">_CCOOUUNNTT is
	   implemented as a reference to the link-time external symbol
	   mmaaxx_<font color="red">_ccoouunntt_<font color="red">_, instead of mmaaxx_<font color="red">_ccoouunntt_<font color="red">__<font color="red">_.

       --ffnnoo--iiddeenntt
	   Ignore the ##iiddeenntt directive.

       --ffzzeerrooss
	   Treat initial values of zero as if they were any other value.

	   As of version 0.5.18, gg7777 normally treats "DATA" and other state-
	   ments that are used to specify initial values of zero for variables
	   and arrays as if no values were actually specified, in the sense
	   that no diagnostics regarding multiple initializations are pro-
	   duced.

	   This is done to speed up compiling of programs that initialize
	   large arrays to zeros.

	   Use --ffzzeerrooss to revert to the simpler, slower behavior that can
	   catch multiple initializations by keeping track of all initializa-
	   tions, zero or otherwise.

	   Caution: Future versions of gg7777 might disregard this option (and
	   its negative form, the default) or interpret it somewhat differ-
	   ently.  The interpretation changes will affect only non-standard
	   programs; standard-conforming programs should not be affected.

       --ffeemmuullaattee--ccoommpplleexx
	   Implement "COMPLEX" arithmetic via emulation, instead of using the
	   facilities of the ggcccc back end that provide direct support of "com-
	   plex" arithmetic.

	   (ggcccc had some bugs in its back-end support for "complex" arith-
	   metic, due primarily to the support not being completed as of ver-
	   sion 2.8.1 and "egcs" 1.1.2.)

	   Use --ffeemmuullaattee--ccoommpplleexx if you suspect code-generation bugs, or expe-
	   rience compiler crashes, that might result from gg7777 using the "COM-
	   PLEX" support in the ggcccc back end.  If using that option fixes the
	   bugs or crashes you are seeing, that indicates a likely gg7777 bugs
	   (though, all compiler crashes are considered bugs), so, please
	   report it.  (Note that the known bugs, now believed fixed, produced
	   compiler crashes rather than causing the generation of incorrect
	   code.)

	   Use of this option should not affect how Fortran code compiled by
	   gg7777 works in terms of its interfaces to other code, e.g. that com-
	   piled by ff22cc

	   As of GCC version 3.0, this option is not necessary anymore.

	   Caution: Future versions of gg7777 might ignore both forms of this
	   option.

       --ffaalliiaass--cchheecckk
       --ffaarrgguummeenntt--aalliiaass
       --ffaarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass
       --ffnnoo--aarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass--gglloobbaall
	   Version info: These options are not supported by versions of gg7777
	   based on ggcccc version 2.8.

	   These options specify to what degree aliasing (overlap) is permit-
	   ted between arguments (passed as pointers) and "COMMON" (external,
	   or public) storage.

	   The default for Fortran code, as mandated by the FORTRAN 77 and
	   Fortran 90 standards, is --ffaarrgguummeenntt--nnooaalliiaass--gglloobbaall.	The default
	   for code written in the C language family is --ffaarrgguummeenntt--aalliiaass.

	   Note that, on some systems, compiling with --ffffoorrccee--aaddddrr in effect
	   can produce more optimal code when the default aliasing options are
	   in effect (and when optimization is enabled).

       --ffnnoo--gglloobbaallss
	   Disable diagnostics about inter-procedural analysis problems, such
	   as disagreements about the type of a function or a procedure's
	   argument, that might cause a compiler crash when attempting to
	   inline a reference to a procedure within a program unit.  (The
	   diagnostics themselves are still produced, but as warnings, unless
	   --WWnnoo--gglloobbaallss is specified, in which case no relevant diagnostics
	   are produced.)

	   Further, this option disables such inlining, to avoid compiler
	   crashes resulting from incorrect code that would otherwise be diag-
	   nosed.

	   As such, this option might be quite useful when compiling existing,
	   ``working'' code that happens to have a few bugs that do not gener-
	   ally show themselves, but which gg7777 diagnoses.

	   Use of this option therefore has the effect of instructing gg7777 to
	   behave more like it did up through version 0.5.19.1, when it paid
	   little or no attention to disagreements between program units about
	   a procedure's type and argument information, and when it performed
	   no inlining of procedures (except statement functions).

	   Without this option, gg7777 defaults to performing the potentially
	   inlining procedures as it started doing in version 0.5.20, but as
	   of version 0.5.21, it also diagnoses disagreements that might cause
	   such inlining to crash the compiler as (fatal) errors, and warns
	   about similar disagreements that are currently believed to not
	   likely to result in the compiler later crashing or producing incor-
	   rect code.

       --ffffllaatttteenn--aarrrraayyss
	   Use back end's C-like constructs (pointer plus offset) instead of
	   its "ARRAY_REF" construct to handle all array references.

	   Note: This option is not supported.	It is intended for use only by
	   gg7777 developers, to evaluate code-generation issues.	It might be
	   removed at any time.

       --ffbboouunnddss--cchheecckk
       --ffffoorrttrraann--bboouunnddss--cchheecckk
	   Enable generation of run-time checks for array subscripts and sub-
	   string start and end points against the (locally) declared minimum
	   and maximum values.

	   The current implementation uses the "libf2c" library routine
	   "s_rnge" to print the diagnostic.

	   However, whereas ff22cc generates a single check per reference for a
	   multi-dimensional array, of the computed offset against the valid
	   offset range (0 through the size of the array), gg7777 generates a
	   single check per subscript expression.  This catches some cases of
	   potential bugs that ff22cc does not, such as references to below the
	   beginning of an assumed-size array.

	   gg7777 also generates checks for "CHARACTER" substring references,
	   something ff22cc currently does not do.

	   Use the new --ffffoorrttrraann--bboouunnddss--cchheecckk option to specify bounds-check-
	   ing for only the Fortran code you are compiling, not necessarily
	   for code written in other languages.

	   Note: To provide more detailed information on the offending sub-
	   script, gg7777 provides the "libg2c" run-time library routine "s_rnge"
	   with somewhat differently-formatted information.  Here's a sample
	   diagnostic:

		   Subscript out of range on file line 4, procedure rnge.f/bf.
		   Attempt to access the -6-th element of variable b[subscript-2-of-2].
		   Aborted

	   The above message indicates that the offending source line is line
	   4 of the file rnge.f, within the program unit (or statement func-
	   tion) named bbff.  The offended array is named bb.  The offended array
	   dimension is the second for a two-dimensional array, and the
	   offending, computed subscript expression was --66.

	   For a "CHARACTER" substring reference, the second line has this
	   appearance:

		   Attempt to access the 11-th element of variable a[start-substring].

	   This indicates that the offended "CHARACTER" variable or array is
	   named aa, the offended substring position is the starting (leftmost)
	   position, and the offending substring expression is 1111.

	   (Though the verbage of "s_rnge" is not ideal for the purpose of the
	   gg7777 compiler, the above information should provide adequate diag-
	   nostic abilities to it users.)

       Some of these do not work when compiling programs written in Fortran:

       --ffppcccc--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn
       --ffrreegg--ssttrruucctt--rreettuurrnn
	   You should not use these except strictly the same way as you used
	   them to build the version of "libg2c" with which you will be link-
	   ing all code compiled by gg7777 with the same option.

       --ffsshhoorrtt--ddoouubbllee
	   This probably either has no effect on Fortran programs, or makes
	   them act loopy.

       --ffnnoo--ccoommmmoonn
	   Do not use this when compiling Fortran programs, or there will be
	   Trouble.

       --ffppaacckk--ssttrruucctt
	   This probably will break any calls to the "libg2c" library, at the
	   very least, even if it is built with the same option.

EENNVVIIRROONNMMEENNTT
       GNU Fortran currently does not make use of any environment variables to
       control its operation above and beyond those that affect the operation
       of ggcccc.

BBUUGGSS
       For instructions on reporting bugs, see <hhttttpp::////ggcccc..ggnnuu..oorrgg//bbuuggss..hhttmmll>.
       Use of the ggccccbbuugg script to report bugs is recommended.

FFOOOOTTNNOOTTEESS
       1.  loop discovery refers to the process by which a compiler, or indeed
	   any reader of a program, determines which portions of the program
	   are more likely to be executed repeatedly as it is being run.  Such
	   discovery typically is done early when compiling using optimization
	   techniques, so the ``discovered'' loops get more attention---and
	   more run-time resources, such as registers---from the compiler.  It
	   is easy to ``discover'' loops that are constructed out of looping
	   constructs in the language (such as Fortran's "DO").  For some pro-
	   grams, ``discovering'' loops constructed out of lower-level con-
	   structs (such as "IF" and "GOTO") can lead to generation of more
	   optimal code than otherwise.

SSEEEE AALLSSOO
       gpl(7), gfdl(7), fsf-funding(7), cpp(1), gcov(1), gcc(1), as(1), ld(1),
       gdb(1), adb(1), dbx(1), sdb(1) and the Info entries for gcc, cpp, g77,
       as, ld, binutils and gdb.

AAUUTTHHOORR
       See the Info entry for gg7777 for contributors to GCC and G77.

CCOOPPYYRRIIGGHHTT
       Copyright (c) 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002 Free Software
       Foundation, Inc.

       Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
       under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.1 or
       any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with the
       Invariant Sections being ``GNU General Public License'' and ``Funding
       Free Software'', the Front-Cover texts being (a) (see below), and with
       the Back-Cover Texts being (b) (see below).  A copy of the license is
       included in the gfdl(7) man page.

       (a) The FSF's Front-Cover Text is:

	    A GNU Manual

       (b) The FSF's Back-Cover Text is:

	    You have freedom to copy and modify this GNU Manual, like GNU
	    software.  Copies published by the Free Software Foundation raise
	    funds for GNU development.




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