a2p
accept
access
acct
addftinfo
addr2line
adjtime
afmtodit
after
aio_cancel
aio_error
aio_read
aio_return
aio_suspend
aio_waitcomplete
aio_write
alias
aliases
alloc
anvil
append
apply
apropos
ar
array
as
asa
asn1parse
at
atq
atrm
attemptckalloc
attemptckrealloc
authlib
authtest
autopoint
awk
b64decode
b64encode
basename
batch
bc
bdes
bell
bg
bgerror
biff
big5
binary
bind
bindkey
bindtags
bindtextdomain
bio
bitmap
blowfish
bn
bootparams
bootptab
bounce
brandelf
break
breaksw
brk
bsdiff
bsdtar
bsnmpd
bspatch
bthost
btsockstat
buffer
builtin
builtins
bunzip2
button
byacc
bzcat
bzegrep
bzfgrep
bzgrep
bzip2
c2ph
c89
c99
ca
cal
calendar
canvas
cap_mkdb
case
cat
catch
catman
cc
cd
cdcontrol
chdir
checkbutton
checknr
chflags
chfn
chgrp
chio
chkey
chmod
chown
chpass
chroot
chsh
ci
ciphers
ckalloc
ckdist
ckfree
ckrealloc
cksum
cleanup
clear
clipboard
clock
clock_getres
clock_gettime
clock_settime
close
cmp
co
col
colcrt
colldef
colors
colrm
column
comm
command
compile_et
complete
compress
concat
config
connect
console
continue
core
courierlogger
couriertcpd
cp
cpan
cpio
cpp
creat
crl
crontab
crunchgen
crunchide
crypt
crypto
csh
csplit
ctags
ctm
ctm_dequeue
ctm_rmail
ctm_smail
cu
cursor
cursors
cut
cvs
date
dbiprof
dbiproxy
dc
dcgettext
dcngettext
dd
dde
default
defer
deliverquota
des
destroy
devfs
df
dgettext
dgst
dh
dhparam
dialog
diff
diff3
dig
dir
dirent
dirname
dirs
discard
disktab
dngettext
do
domainname
done
dprofpp
dsa
dsaparam
dtmfdecode
du
dup
dup2
eaccess
ec
ecdsa
echo
echotc
ecparam
ed
edit
editrc
ee
egrep
elf
elfdump
elif
else
enc
enc2xs
encoding
end
endif
endsw
engine
enigma
entry
env
envsubst
eof
eqn
err
errno
error
errstr
esac
ethers
euc
eui64
eval
event
evp
ex
exec
execve
exit
expand
export
exports
expr
extattr
extattr_delete_fd
extattr_delete_file
extattr_get_fd
extattr_get_file
extattr_set_fd
extattr_set_file
f77
false
famm
famx
fblocked
fbtab
fc
fchdir
fchflags
fchmod
fchown
fcntl
fconfigure
fcopy
fdescfs
fdformat
fdread
fdwrite
fetch
fg
fgrep
fhopen
fhstat
fhstatfs
fi
file
file2c
fileevent
filename
filetest
find
find2perl
finger
flex
flock
flush
fmt
focus
fold
font
fontedit
for
foreach
fork
format
forward
fpathconf
frame
from
fs
fstab
fstat
fstatfs
fsync
ftp
ftpchroot
ftpusers
ftruncate
futimes
g711conv
gb2312
gb18030
gbk
gcc
gcore
gcov
gdb
gencat
gendsa
genrsa
gensnmptree
getconf
getdents
getdirentries
getdtablesize
getegid
geteuid
getfacl
getfh
getfsstat
getgid
getgroups
getitimer
getlogin
getopt
getopts
getpeername
getpgid
getpgrp
getpid
getppid
getpriority
getresgid
getresuid
getrlimit
getrusage
gets
getsid
getsockname
getsockopt
gettext
gettextize
gettimeofday
gettytab
getuid
glob
global
gmake
goto
gperf
gprof
grab
grep
grid
grn
grodvi
groff
groff_font
groff_out
groff_tmac
grog
grolbp
grolj4
grops
grotty
group
groups
gunzip
gzcat
gzexe
gzip
h2ph
h2xs
hash
hashstat
hd
head
help2man
hesinfo
hexdump
history
host
hostname
hosts
hosts_access
hosts_options
hpftodit
http
hup
i386_get_ioperm
i386_get_ldt
i386_set_ioperm
i386_set_ldt
i386_vm86
iconv
id
ident
idprio
if
ifnames253
ifnames259
image
imapd
incr
indent
indxbib
info
infokey
inode
install
instmodsh
interp
intro
introduction
ioctl
ipcrm
ipcs
ipf
ipftest
ipnat
ippool
ipresend
issetugid
jail
jail_attach
jobid
jobs
join
jot
kbdcontrol
kbdmap
kcon
kdestroy
kdump
kenv
kevent
keycap
keylogin
keylogout
keymap
keysyms
kgdb
kill
killall
killpg
kinit
kldfind
kldfirstmod
kldload
kldnext
kldstat
kldsym
kldunload
klist
kpasswd
kqueue
kse
kse_create
kse_exit
kse_release
kse_switchin
kse_thr_interrupt
kse_wakeup
ktrace
label
labelframe
lam
lappend
last
lastcomm
lastlog
lchflags
lchmod
lchown
ld
ldap
ldapadd
ldapcompare
ldapdelete
ldapmodify
ldapmodrdn
ldappasswd
ldapsearch
ldapwhoami
ldd
leave
less
lesskey
lex
lgetfh
lhash
libnetcfg
library
limit
limits
lindex
link
linprocfs
linsert
lint
lio_listio
list
listbox
listen
lj4_font
lkbib
llength
lmtp
ln
load
loadfont
local
locale
locate
lock
lockf
log
logger
login
logins
logname
logout
look
lookbib
lorder
lower
lp
lpq
lpr
lprm
lptest
lrange
lreplace
ls
lsearch
lseek
lset
lsort
lstat
lsvfs
lutimes
lynx
m4
madvise
magic
mail
maildiracl
maildirkw
maildirmake
mailq
mailx
make
makeinfo
makewhatis
man
manpath
master
mc
mcedit
mcview
md2
md4
md5
mdc2
memory
menu
menubar
menubutton
merge
mesg
message
mincore
minherit
minigzip
mkdep
mkdir
mkfifo
mkimapdcert
mklocale
mknod
mkpop3dcert
mkstr
mktemp
mlock
mlockall
mmap
mmroff
modfind
modfnext
modnext
modstat
moduli
more
motd
mount
mprotect
mptable
msdos
msdosfs
msgattrib
msgcat
msgcmp
msgcomm
msgconv
msgen
msgexec
msgfilter
msgfmt
msggrep
msginit
msgmerge
msgs
msgunfmt
msguniq
mskanji
msql2mysql
msync
mt
munlock
munlockall
munmap
mv
myisamchk
myisamlog
myisampack
mysql
mysqlaccess
mysqladmin
mysqlbinlog
mysqlcheck
mysqld
mysqldump
mysqld_multi
mysqld_safe
mysqlhotcopy
mysqlimport
mysqlshow
mysql_config
mysql_fix_privilege_tables
mysql_zap
namespace
nanosleep
nawk
nc
ncal
ncplist
ncplogin
ncplogout
neqn
netconfig
netgroup
netid
netstat
networks
newaliases
newgrp
nex
nfsstat
nfssvc
ngettext
nice
nl
nm
nmount
nohup
nologin
notify
nroff
nseq
nslookup
ntp_adjtime
ntp_gettime
nvi
nview
objcopy
objdump
objformat
ocsp
od
onintr
open
openssl
opieaccess
opieinfo
opiekey
opiekeys
opiepasswd
option
options
oqmgr
pack
package
packagens
pagesize
palette
pam_auth
panedwindow
parray
passwd
paste
patch
pathchk
pathconf
pawd
pax
pbm
pcre
pcreapi
pcrebuild
pcrecallout
pcrecompat
pcrecpp
pcregrep
pcrematching
pcrepartial
pcrepattern
pcreperform
pcreposix
pcreprecompile
pcresample
pcretest
perl
perl56delta
perl58delta
perl561delta
perl570delta
perl571delta
perl572delta
perl573delta
perl581delta
perl582delta
perl583delta
perl584delta
perl585delta
perl586delta
perl587delta
perl588delta
perl5004delta
perl5005delta
perlaix
perlamiga
perlapi
perlapio
perlapollo
perlartistic
perlbeos
perlbook
perlboot
perlbot
perlbs2000
perlbug
perlcall
perlcc
perlce
perlcheat
perlclib
perlcn
perlcompile
perlcygwin
perldata
perldbmfilter
perldebguts
perldebtut
perldebug
perldelta
perldgux
perldiag
perldoc
perldos
perldsc
perlebcdic
perlembed
perlepoc
perlfaq
perlfaq1
perlfaq2
perlfaq3
perlfaq4
perlfaq5
perlfaq6
perlfaq7
perlfaq8
perlfaq9
perlfilter
perlfork
perlform
perlfreebsd
perlfunc
perlglossary
perlgpl
perlguts
perlhack
perlhist
perlhpux
perlhurd
perlintern
perlintro
perliol
perlipc
perlirix
perlivp
perljp
perlko
perllexwarn
perllinux
perllocale
perllol
perlmachten
perlmacos
perlmacosx
perlmint
perlmod
perlmodinstall
perlmodlib
perlmodstyle
perlmpeix
perlnetware
perlnewmod
perlnumber
perlobj
perlop
perlopenbsd
perlopentut
perlos2
perlos390
perlos400
perlothrtut
perlpacktut
perlplan9
perlpod
perlpodspec
perlport
perlqnx
perlre
perlref
perlreftut
perlrequick
perlreref
perlretut
perlrun
perlsec
perlsolaris
perlstyle
perlsub
perlsyn
perlthrtut
perltie
perltoc
perltodo
perltooc
perltoot
perltrap
perltru64
perltw
perlunicode
perluniintro
perlutil
perluts
perlvar
perlvmesa
perlvms
perlvos
perlwin32
perlxs
perlxstut
perror
pfbtops
pftp
pgrep
phones
photo
pic
pickup
piconv
pid
pipe
pkcs7
pkcs8
pkcs12
pkg_add
pkg_check
pkg_create
pkg_delete
pkg_info
pkg_sign
pkg_version
pkill
pl2pm
place
pod2html
pod2latex
pod2man
pod2text
pod2usage
podchecker
podselect
poll
popd
popup
posix_madvise
postalias
postcat
postconf
postdrop
postfix
postkick
postlock
postlog
postmap
postqueue
postsuper
pr
pread
preadv
printcap
printenv
printf
proc
procfs
profil
protocols
prove
proxymap
ps
psed
psroff
pstruct
ptrace
publickey
pushd
puts
pwd
pwrite
pwritev
qmgr
qmqpd
quota
quotactl
radiobutton
raise
rand
ranlib
rcp
rcs
rcsclean
rcsdiff
rcsfile
rcsfreeze
rcsintro
rcsmerge
read
readelf
readlink
readonly
readv
realpath
reboot
recv
recvfrom
recvmsg
red
ree
refer
regexp
registry
regsub
rehash
remote
rename
repeat
replace
req
reset
resolver
resource
return
rev
revoke
rfcomm_sppd
rfork
rhosts
ripemd
ripemd160
rlog
rlogin
rm
rmd160
rmdir
rpc
rpcgen
rs
rsa
rsautl
rsh
rtld
rtprio
rup
ruptime
rusers
rwall
rwho
s2p
safe
sasl
sasldblistusers2
saslpasswd2
sbrk
scache
scale
scan
sched
sched_getparam
sched_getscheduler
sched_get_priority_max
sched_get_priority_min
sched_rr_get_interval
sched_setparam
sched_setscheduler
sched_yield
scon
scp
script
scrollbar
sdiff
sed
seek
select
selection
semctl
semget
semop
send
sendbug
sendfile
sendmail
sendmsg
sendto
services
sess_id
set
setegid
setenv
seteuid
setfacl
setgid
setgroups
setitimer
setlogin
setpgid
setpgrp
setpriority
setregid
setresgid
setresuid
setreuid
setrlimit
setsid
setsockopt
settc
settimeofday
setty
setuid
setvar
sftp
sh
sha
sha1
sha256
shar
shells
shift
shmat
shmctl
shmdt
shmget
showq
shutdown
sigaction
sigaltstack
sigblock
sigmask
sigpause
sigpending
sigprocmask
sigreturn
sigsetmask
sigstack
sigsuspend
sigvec
sigwait
size
slapadd
slapcat
slapd
slapdn
slapindex
slappasswd
slaptest
sleep
slogin
slurpd
smbutil
smime
smtp
smtpd
socket
socketpair
sockstat
soelim
sort
source
spawn
speed
spinbox
spkac
splain
split
squid
squid_ldap_auth
squid_ldap_group
squid_unix_group
sscop
ssh
sshd_config
ssh_config
stab
startslip
stat
statfs
stop
string
strings
strip
stty
su
subst
sum
suspend
swapoff
swapon
switch
symlink
sync
sysarch
syscall
sysconftool
sysconftoolcheck
systat
s_client
s_server
s_time
tabs
tail
talk
tar
tbl
tclsh
tcltest
tclvars
tcopy
tcpdump
tcpslice
tcsh
tee
tell
telltc
telnet
term
termcap
terminfo
test
texindex
texinfo
text
textdomain
tfmtodit
tftp
then
threads
time
tip
tk
tkerror
tkvars
tkwait
tlsmgr
tmac
top
toplevel
touch
tput
tr
trace
trafshow
trap
troff
true
truncate
truss
tset
tsort
tty
ttys
type
tzfile
ui
ul
ulimit
umask
unalias
uname
uncomplete
uncompress
undelete
unexpand
unhash
unifdef
unifdefall
uniq
units
unknown
unlimit
unlink
unmount
unset
unsetenv
until
unvis
update
uplevel
uptime
upvar
usbhidaction
usbhidctl
users
utf8
utimes
utmp
utrace
uudecode
uuencode
uuidgen
vacation
variable
verify
version
vfork
vgrind
vgrindefs
vi
vidcontrol
vidfont
view
virtual
vis
vt220keys
vwait
w
wait
wait3
wait4
waitpid
wall
wc
wget
what
whatis
where
whereis
which
while
who
whoami
whois
window
winfo
wish
wm
write
writev
wtmp
x509
xargs
xgettext
xmlwf
xstr
xsubpp
yacc
yes
ypcat
ypchfn
ypchpass
ypchsh
ypmatch
yppasswd
ypwhich
yyfix
zcat
zcmp
zdiff
zegrep
zfgrep
zforce
zgrep
zmore
znew
_exit
__syscall
 
FreeBSD/Linux/UNIX General Commands Manual
Hypertext Man Pages
filename
 
filename(n)		     Tcl Built-In Commands		   filename(n)



NAME
       filename - File name conventions supported by Tcl commands

INTRODUCTION
       All  Tcl  commands  and	C procedures that take file names as arguments
       expect the file names to be in one of three  forms,  depending  on  the
       current	platform.   On	each  platform, Tcl supports file names in the
       standard forms(s) for that platform.  In addition,  on  all  platforms,
       Tcl supports a Unix-like syntax intended to provide a convenient way of
       constructing simple file names.	However, scripts that are intended  to
       be  portable  should  not  assume  a  particular  form  for file names.
       Instead, portable scripts must use the file split and  file  join  com-
       mands  to  manipulate  file  names  (see the file manual entry for more
       details).


PATH TYPES
       File names are grouped into three general types based on  the  starting
       point  for  the	path used to specify the file: absolute, relative, and
       volume-relative.  Absolute names are  completely  qualified,  giving  a
       path to the file relative to a particular volume and the root directory
       on that volume.	Relative names are unqualified, giving a path  to  the
       file  relative to the current working directory.  Volume-relative names
       are partially qualified, either giving the path relative  to  the  root
       directory  on  the current volume, or relative to the current directory
       of the specified volume.  The file pathtype  command  can  be  used  to
       determine the type of a given path.


PATH SYNTAX
       The  rules  for	native	names  depend on the value reported in the Tcl
       array element tcl_platform(platform):

       mac	 On Apple Macintosh systems, Tcl supports two  forms  of  path
		 names.  The normal Mac style names use colons as path separa-
		 tors.	Paths may be relative or absolute, and file names  may
		 contain  any  character  other  than  colon.  A leading colon
		 causes the rest of the path to be interpreted relative to the
		 current directory.  If a path contains a colon that is not at
		 the beginning, then the path is interpreted  as  an  absolute
		 path.	 Sequences  of two or more colons anywhere in the path
		 are used to construct relative paths where :: refers  to  the
		 parent  of the current directory, ::: refers to the parent of
		 the parent, and so forth.

		 In addition to Macintosh style names,	Tcl  also  supports  a
		 subset  of  Unix-like	names.	 If a path contains no colons,
		 then it is interpreted like a Unix path.  Slash  is  used  as
		 the  path  separator.	 The file name . refers to the current
		 directory, and .. refers to the parent of the current	direc-
		 tory.	However, some names like / or /.. have no mapping, and
		 are interpreted as Macintosh  names.	In  general,  commands
		 that  generate  file names will return Macintosh style names,
		 but commands that accept file names will take both  Macintosh
		 and Unix-style names.

		 The  following  examples  illustrate  various	forms  of path
		 names:

		 :		Relative path to the current folder.

		 MyFile 	Relative path to a file named  MyFile  in  the
				current folder.

		 MyDisk:MyFile	Absolute  path	to  a file named MyFile on the
				device named MyDisk.

		 :MyDir:MyFile	Relative path to  a  file  name  MyFile  in  a
				folder named MyDir in the current folder.

		 ::MyFile	Relative  path	to  a file named MyFile in the
				folder above the current folder.

		 :::MyFile	Relative path to a file named  MyFile  in  the
				folder two levels above the current folder.

		 /MyDisk/MyFile Absolute  path	to  a file named MyFile on the
				device named MyDisk.

		 ../MyFile	Relative path to a file named  MyFile  in  the
				folder above the current folder.

       unix	 On  Unix  platforms, Tcl uses path names where the components
		 are separated by slashes.  Path  names  may  be  relative  or
		 absolute, and file names may contain any character other than
		 slash.  The file names . and .. are special and refer to  the
		 current  directory  and  the  parent of the current directory
		 respectively.	Multiple adjacent slash characters are	inter-
		 preted  as a single separator.  The following examples illus-
		 trate various forms of path names:

		 /		Absolute path to the root directory.

		 /etc/passwd	Absolute path to the file named passwd in  the
				directory etc in the root directory.

		 .		Relative path to the current directory.

		 foo		Relative  path	to the file foo in the current
				directory.

		 foo/bar	Relative path to the file bar in the directory
				foo in the current directory.

		 ../foo 	Relative path to the file foo in the directory
				above the current directory.

       windows	 On Microsoft Windows platforms, Tcl supports both drive-rela-
		 tive and UNC style names.  Both / and \ may be used as direc-
		 tory separators in either type of name.  Drive-relative names
		 consist  of  an optional drive specifier followed by an abso-
		 lute or relative path.  UNC paths  follow  the  general  form
		 \\servername\sharename\path\file,  but must at the very least
		 contain the server  and  share  components,  i.e.   \\server-
		 name\sharename.   In  both forms, the file names . and .. are
		 special and refer to the current directory and the parent  of
		 the  current  directory respectively.	The following examples
		 illustrate various forms of path names:

		 \\Host\share/file
				Absolute UNC path to a file called file in the
				root  directory  of  the export point share on
				the host Host.	Note that repeated use of file
				dirname  on  this path will give //Host/share,
				and will never give just /fB//Host/fR.

		 c:foo		Volume-relative path to a file foo in the cur-
				rent directory on drive c.

		 c:/foo 	Absolute path to a file foo in the root direc-
				tory of drive c.

		 foo\bar	Relative path to a file bar in the foo	direc-
				tory  in  the current directory on the current
				volume.

		 \foo		Volume-relative path to a file foo in the root
				directory of the current volume.

		 \\foo		Volume-relative path to a file foo in the root
				directory of the current volume.  This is  not
				a  valid  UNC  path, so the assumption is that
				the extra backslashes are superfluous.


TILDE SUBSTITUTION
       In addition to the file name rules described above, Tcl	also  supports
       csh-style tilde substitution.  If a file name starts with a tilde, then
       the file name will be interpreted as if the first element  is  replaced
       with  the  location  of	the home directory for the given user.	If the
       tilde is followed immediately by a separator, then the  $HOME  environ-
       ment  variable  is  substituted.   Otherwise the characters between the
       tilde and the next separator are taken as a user name, which is used to
       retrieve the user's home directory for substitution.

       The  Macintosh  and Windows platforms do not support tilde substitution
       when a user name follows the tilde.  On these  platforms,  attempts  to
       use  a  tilde  followed	by a user name will generate an error that the
       user does not exist when Tcl attempts to interpret  that  part  of  the
       path  or  otherwise access the file.  The behaviour of these paths when
       not trying to interpret them is the same as on Unix.  File  names  that
       have  a	tilde  without a user name will be correctly substituted using
       the $HOME environment variable, just like for Unix.


PORTABILITY ISSUES
       Not all file systems are case sensitive, so scripts should  avoid  code
       that  depends  on  the case of characters in a file name.  In addition,
       the character sets allowed on different devices may differ, so  scripts
       should  choose  file names that do not contain special characters like:
       <>:"/\|.  The safest approach is to use names  consisting  of  alphanu-
       meric  characters only.	Also Windows 3.1 only supports file names with
       a root of no more than 8 characters and an extension of no more than  3
       characters.

       On Windows platforms there are file and path length restrictions.  Com-
       plete paths or filenames longer than about 260 characters will lead  to
       errors in most file operations.

       Another Windows peculiarity is that any number of trailing dots '.'  in
       filenames are totally ignored, so, for example, attempts  to  create  a
       file  or  directory with a name "foo." will result in the creation of a
       file/directory with name "foo".	This fact is reflected in the  results
       of  'file normalize'.  Furthermore, a file name consisting only of dots
       '.........' or dots with trailing characters '.....abc' is illegal.

KEYWORDS
       current directory, absolute file name, relative file name, volume-rela-
       tive file name, portability


SEE ALSO
       file(n), glob(n)



Tcl				      7.5			   filename(n)
=18837
+155
(66)